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what is the smallest unit of an element?
atom
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what is the smallest unit of a covalent compund?
molecule
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is tap water a compound, homegeous or heterogenous mixture?
homegenous mixture
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what is the trend in size for the elements on the periodic table?
diameter increases as u go down-diameter decreases as u go across
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on the periodic table, columns are known as?
groups or families
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on periodic table rows across are known as?
periods
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the number of protons contained in the nucleus is?
atomic number
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the weight of the atom(equal to number of protons plus neutrons) number is always a whole number
mass number (numbers on periodic table have decimals & those are average atomic masses-always round to nearest whole #)
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atoms that have different number of electrons
ions-they can be positive or negative
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atoms that have different number of neutrons
isotopes-they dont have a charge unless there is one noted
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what is the name of the law that says that compounds must combine definite ratios?
law of definite proportions
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what is the name for positively charged ion?
cation
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what is the name for negatively charged ion?
anion
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metals tend to gain or lose electrons in order to become stable?
lose
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what is rule that states atom is most stable when it has 8 electrons in its valence shell?
octet rule
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what law states that all atoms in a chemical reaction from the reactants must be accounted for in the products-sum of all masses of reactants=sum of the masses of products
law of conservation of matter
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what law states that all compounds no matter wher the sample was taken, are created by the combination of elements in the same definite proportions
law of definite proportions
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atoms are created from 3 smaller particles
protons neutrons electrons
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which compound is formed by bonds made between an anion and a cation resulting from an exchange of electrons?
ionic
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which bonds are formed from the sharing of valence electrons?
covalent
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what is the measure of the attraction of electrons to the nucleus of an atom in a covalent bond-also increases from left to right-decreases from top to bottom periodic table
electronegativity
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what are the 5 types of chemical reactions?
decomposition, synthesis, single replacement, double replacement, acid base neutralization
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what is another name for a homegeneous mixture
solution
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what are 3 steps in breaking apart a solution?
separation of solute, separation of solvent, interaction between solvent/solute particles
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the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent
solubility-generally increases with temperature or gases in liquids increase with pressure
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substance that gives a H+(proton) when dissolved in solution-also tastes sour, turns litmus red, reacts with many metals to produce H2 gas
acid
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substance that gives up OH+when dissolved in solution(accepts a proton)-also tastes bitter, slippery to touch, turns litmus dk purple
base
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substance that breaks apart in water to produce inos, making solution able to conduct electricity
electrolytes
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what happens when acids and bases are mixed together and H2O is produced?
acid base neutralization
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