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Sress (4)
- harmful physical or emotional arousal and responses that occur when faced with threatening events
- threatening events called stressors
- can be negative - death/job loss
- can be positive - new relationship/skydiving
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Autonomic nervous system (3)
- responsible for adjusting our needs for different levels of arousal
- sympathetic nervous system
- parasympathetic nervous system
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Sympathetic nervous system (3)
- responds to stress
- flight or fight
- speeds up body's functioning (HR. blood pressure etc)
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Parasympathetic nervous system (3)
- important for slowing down body's funtioning
- responsible for maintenance of body's energy
- important to balance sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to maintain healthy functioning
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Arousal and task performance (6)
- stress can help/hinder performance
- usually optimum performance is achieved with medium levels of arousal
- stimulants can raise arousal levels (coffee)
- depresants can lower arousal levels (alcohol)
- psychological factors can also raise arousal levels (anger, anxiety, motivation)
- relaxation and confidence can lower arousal levels
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Yerkes-dodsons low
- complex tasks - low arousal is optimal
- simple/learnt tasks - medium to higher level of arousal for optimal performance
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Stress and health (4)
- physiological processes to cope with stress are adaptive
- long term stress can be very harmful
- physical - cardiovascular disease and hypertension
- psychological - depression, anxiety, PTSD
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Major life events (4)
- reported to be stressful
- applies with pos and neg events
- No. of major events seems to relate to development of illness, including influenza and cardiovascular disease.
- eg marriage divorce children
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Post traumatic stress disease (7)
- develops after intense distressing event
- beyond 'normal' life expectations
- eg war, robbery, death w/road accidents
- symptoms:
- intrusive recollections
- dreams
- sensitivity to stimuli associated w/ event
- avoid reminding activities
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Work stress effects (5)
- physiological: increased blood pressure
- Psychological: anxiety, depression, anger and agression
- Behavioral: smoking/alcohol
- coping well = baseline arousal level
- not coping well = elevated baseline arousal
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Work stress: demand-control support model (4)
- draws more from structural and/or organisational aspects of work environment for the reason of stress
- more so than personal attributes
- social support at work is very beneficial
- reduces risk of mental and or physical harm due to stress
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Person environment fit model (3)
- 1 individual's skills and abilities match demands of job
- 2 personal needs are supplied by the job environment
if misfit is present for either, health effects may occur.
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Why is flying westward easier?
Because it is more difficult to adapt to phase advances than phase delays
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define circadian rhythms
circadian rhythm is a biological cycle lasting 24 hours
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How does infants' sleep differ? (2)
- 50% of sleep in REM
- duration of sleep is longe (13-16 hours)
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Alert/awake persons brain waves?
beta waves - high frequency and low amplitude
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