The role of the complement system in opsonization affects which response of the inflammatory process?
C.
Fever that accompanies inflammation is most likely caused by
B.
A patient has an open, infected surgical wound that is treated with irrigations and moist gauze dressings. The nurse expects that this wound
B.
Contractures frequently occur after burn healing because of
C.
Rest and immobilization are important measures of acute care for wound healing because they
C.
Which one of the followiing orders should a nurse question as part of the plan of care for a patient with a stage III pressure ulcer?
B.
An 85-year-old patient is assessed to have a score of 15 on the Braden scale. This means that the patient
D.
A 65-year-old stroke patient who is confined to bed is assessed to be at risk for the development of a pressure ulcer. Based on this information, the nurse should
B.
A pressure ulcer measures 1cm x 2cm x 0.8cm in depth, and pink tissue is visible on the wound bed. This pressure ulcer is
B.
During the healing phase of inflammation, regeneration of cells would be most likely to occur in
D.
Chemotaxis is a mechanism that
D.
A patient with an inflammation has a high eosinophil count. The nurse recognizes that this finding most likely indicates that
B.
The patient who is at greatest risk for developing pressure ulcers is
B.
The most important nursing intervention for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers is
B.
First leukocytes to arrive at the site of inflammation.
Neutrophils
A sequential reaction to cell injury.
Inflammatory response
Can be a superficial or deep wound if it is clean and pink in appearance. Examples include skin tears, pressure ulcers (stage II), partial-thickness or second-degree burns, and wounds created surgically that are allowed to heal by secondary intention.
D.
Has nonviable necrotic tissue, which creates an ideal situation for bacterial growth and therefore must be removed.
A.
Covered with thick, dry, black necrotic tissue called eschar. Examples include full-thickness or third-degree burns, pressure ulcers (stage III and IV), and gangrenous ulcers.
D.
Synthesis of immune factors, blood cells, fibroblasts, collagen
B.
Provide metabolic energy for inflammation; protect protein from being used for energy
C.
Synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides used for cellular membranes
C.
Capillary and collagen synthesis
C.
Coenzymes for fat, protein, and carb metabolism
F.
Epithelial synthesis, increasing collagen synthesis and tensile strength of healing wound
E.
Healing takes place when wound margins are neatly approximated, such as in a surgical incision or a paper cut.
C.
Wounds that occur from trauma, ulceration, and infection have large amounts of exudate and wide, irregular wound margins with extensive tissue damage. These wounds may have edges that are approximated.
B.
Delayed primary intention. Healing occurs with delayed suturing of a wound in which two layers of granulation tissue are sutured together.
B.
Arrive later at the site of injury. Their primary role is related to humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
Lymphocytes
Increased blood flow in the area.
Hyperemia
Results from outpouring of fluid that has low cell and protein content; seen in early stages of inflammation or when injury is mild. (examples = skin blisters, pleural effusion)
A.
Found in tissues where cells produce mucus. Mucus production is accelerated by inflammatory response. (examples = runny nose associated with upper respiratory tract infection)
A.
Occurs with increasing vascular permeability and fibrinogen leakage into interstitial spaces. Excessive amounts of fibrin coating tissue surfaces may cause them to adhere. (examples = adhesions)
C.
Consists of WBCs, microorganisms (dead and alive), liquefied dead cells, and other debris. (example = furuncle, abscess, cellulitis)
A.
Results from rupture or necrosis of blood vessel walls; it consists of RBCs that escape into tissue. (example = hematoma).
B.
Cause = hyperemia from vasodilation.
C.
Cause = increased metabolism at inflammatory site.
D.
Cause = change in pH; change in local ionic concentraion; nerve stimulation by chemicals; pressure from fluid exudate
C.
Cause = fluid shift to interstitial spaces; fluid exudate accumulation.
D.
Cause = swelling and pain.
B.
Immature connective tissue cells that migrate into the healing site and secrete collagen.
Fibroblasts
Replacement of lost cells and tissues with cells of the same type.
B.
Healing as a result of lost cells being replaced by connective tissue.
B.
Interfere with tissue granulation, induce immunosuppressive effects, prevent liberation of lysosomes.
