Bio 1010C - Chapter 2 Key terms

A molecule that releases Hydrogen ions (H) in solution

An ion that has a net negative charge

An atoms mass relative to the the mass of the other atoms.

Number of protons in the atom

The smallest functional unit of matter that forms all chemical substances and cannot be further broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical or physical means.

A molecule that when dissolved in water lower the H concentration

A compound that acts to minimize pH fluctuations in the fluids of living organisms. Buffer systems can raise of lower pH systems.

An ion that has a net positive charge

The formation and breaking of chemical bonds, resulting in a change of the composition of the substance.

The ability of like molecules to noncovalently bind to each other; the attraction of molecules to each other.

A molecule composed of two or more different elements

A chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons

The region around an atoms nucleus where electrons reside; larger atoms have more electron shells than smaller atoms

A measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons to its outer shell from another atoms

A negatively charged particle found in orbitals around an atomic nucleus

A substance composed of specific types of atoms that cannot be further broken down by ordinary chemical or physical means

The ability to promote change or do work

The heat required to vaporize 1 mole of any substance at its boiling point under standard pressure

A weak chemical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom of a polar molecule and a partially negative atom of another polar molecule.

Refers to ions and molecules that contain polar covalent bonds and will dissolve in water.

Refers to molecules that do not have partial charges and therefore are not attracted to water molecules. Such molecules are composed predominately of carbon and hydrogen and are relatively insoluble in water.

The bond that occurs when a cation bonds to an anion.

An atom or molecule that gains or loses one or more electrons and acquires a net electric charge.

An element that exists in multiple forms that differ in the number of neutrons they contain.

The amount of any substance that contains the same number of particles as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon.

A neutral particle found in the center of an atom

• 1. In cell biology, an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains most of the calls genetic material. 
• 2. In chemistry, the region of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.

The region surrounding the nucleus of an atom where the probability is high of finding a particular electron.

The mathematical expression of a solutions hydrogen ion (H) concentration, defined as the negative logarithm to the base 10 of the H concentration

The end result of a chemical reaciton

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number and defines each type of element.

An isotope found in nature that is inherently unstable and usually does not exist for long periods of time. Such isotopes decay and emit energy in the form of radiation.

A substance that participates in a chemical reaction and becomes changed by that reaction.

A substance dissolved in a liquid

A liquid that contains one or more dissolved solutes.

The liquid in which a solute is dissolved.

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 C.