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what is otitis
inflammation of the ear
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what is the number one cause of otitis (externa)
allergies
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what is atopy
environmental allergies
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true or false
cats have as many ear problems as dogs
false
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what does the normal ear have in it
- some yeast bacteria and WBC
- inflammation causes it to get worse
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what does otitis externa sometimes do
- migrates in and gets to the middle ear then turns into inner ear infections
- common in cocker spaniels
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what part of the ear do you mostly see inflammation
external ear
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what are the 3 regions of the ear
- external ear
- middle ear
- inner ear
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external ear
pinna to the tympanic membrane
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middle ear
tympanic membrane to Eustachian tube
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what is the Eustachian tube
- connects the bulla to the pharynx
- relief valve
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inner ear
- semi circular canal
- cochlea
- (viii, CN)
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what is the pinna made up of
- multiple cartilages
- 3 large vessel groups
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external canal
- cartilage tube
- vertical and horizontal sections
- ceruminous glands
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tympanic membrane (eardrum)(middle ear)
white pearly slightly opaque
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tympanic bulla (middle ear)
bony chamber lined with mucosa
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what is the inner ear enclosed in
- bones
- windows in contact with stirrup
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semicircular canals in inner ear
- spacial orientation and balance
- fluid and otoliths
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what is the vestibular system in the inner ear
the balance system
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otitis interna
- neurologic problems
- nystagmus
- balance problem
- head tilt
- circling
- horners disease
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what is nystagmus
- rapid movement of the eye
- happens if vestibular system is off
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common symptoms
- swelling
- pain
- pruritis
- odor
- discharge
- change of character and/or amount of wax
- head tilt
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AS auricular synistor
left ear
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AD auricular destar
right ears
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AU auricular urniversalis
- both ears
- this is usually done
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what is pruritis
ichy ear
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common diagnostics
- otoscopic exam
- cytology-on ichy ear
- skin scrape
- swab
- c/s
- response to noise
- BAER test-brain stem auditory evoked responses
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common medications
- antimicrobials
- antiinflammatories
- antiparasiticals
- washers/cleaners
- drying agents
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antimicrobials
- shot gun meds
- bacteria
- fungal
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antiinflammatories
steroids
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antiparasiticals
- pyrethrins
- ivermectin used for ear mites
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aural hematoma structures
- cartilage in the middle
- skin on either side
- ex)skin cartilage skin
- blood vessels
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what is the cause of aural hematoma
- blood vessels burst in area between skin and cartilage
- trauma
- localized immune mediated
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what happens if you don't do nothing with aural hematoma
- it will heal but will leave scar tissues
- cauliflower ear
- painful/uncomfortable
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what can you do to treat aural hematoma
- can inject with hematoma steroids to decrease swelling
- drain but may come back
- surgical drainage-do sutures all the way through ear to provide stability and drainage
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how does ear mites infection spread
by direct contact
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what can ear mites be confused with
scabies
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what does dark black indicate
mites
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what does dark brown indicate
fungal
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what does lighter things in ear indicate
bacteria
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what are ear mites caused by
- otodectes cynotis
- entire life cycle is on the pet
- egg-larval-nymph
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what does ear mites cause
a physical and allergic reaction
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what are the clinical signs of ear mite infestation
- pruritis
- heavy crusty discharge
- excoriations around head
- crusts around neck,rump,tail
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what is excoriations
self induced trauma from scratching
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can you see ear mites with the naked eye or oroscope
yes
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what is auto immune disease
body attacks itself
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what is the diagnostics for ear mites
- otoscope
- skin scrapes and ear swabs with mineral oil
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what is the treatment for ear mites
- thorough ear cleaning
- topical miticide
- systemic or topical ivermectin
- pyrethrin based shampoo
- *all in contact pets*
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is ear mite zoonotic
slight potential
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what is the cause of otitis externa
- infection/inflammation of external canal
- parasitical
- foreign material
- anatomical
- systemic
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anatomical
- pendulous ears
- canal stenosis
- excess hair
- neoplasia /polyps
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systemic
- allergic skin disease
- sebaceous disorder
- auto immune disease
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what are the clinical signs of otitis externa
- pruitis-scratching and head shaking
- pain-head tilt, cats hold their pinna down
- ordor-bread yeast,fetid
- excessive wax
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what is fetid
rotton nasty gross
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what is the diagnosis of otitis externa
- otoscopic exam-drum intact,canal changes, masses
- cytology-yeast (malassezia pachydermatitis)
- bacteria and parasites
- culture and sensitivity (C/S) in chronic, non responsive cases- steph, pseudomonas, proteus, e.coli
- allergy testing
- skin biopsy
- immune system testing
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what is malassezia pachydermatitis
- opurnistic yeast
- normal in small numbers
- common in ears and skin
- common in allergic dogs
- skin gets inflamed and irritated than yeast and bacteria take over so gets secondary yeast and pyoderma
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what are the causes of otitis media
- extension through ruptured drum
- extension from the oropharynx
- drum intact with polyps or tumors
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what are the clinical signs of otitis media
- signs of otitis externa
- fever and malaise
- painful when opening mouth
- signs of ear and oral disease
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what is horners disease
- eye sag
- facial nerve damage
- neurologic syndrome
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idiopathic vestibular disease in cats
- treat them with shot gun approach
- sometime they recover,sometimes they recover partially
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what don't you usually see in cats
otitis interna
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what don't you usually do with otitis externa
- don't do oral antibiotics because gets to the outer ear
- use topical
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when do you use oral antibiotics
for media and interna
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hematogenous spread
sometimes bacteria gets into bloodstream and lands in different parts of the body
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deafness
- from chronic otitis
- total ear canal ablasion- ear canal becomes thickened
- last resort
- can crush because calcified
- remove ear and canal out
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hyperplasia means
overgrowth/excessive growth
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what does hyperplasia usually respond to
chronic infection/inflammation which can cause excessive tissue deposits, fibrous tissue and thickened irregular ear canal
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what is polyp
dangling pegliment growth
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what do you think about with you see a white cat with open ulcerated wound on head
scc
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benign tumors
- tend not to spread but can be deadly
- hyperplasia of the canal
- polyps
- papillomas-wart
- adenomas
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malignant
- tends to spread
- ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma
- SCC
- basal cell tumor
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what is SCC
- squamous cell carcinoma
- bad
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