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what is the Hirschberg Test?
positive light reflex test
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What is the name of the eye chart used for literate adults
Snelling Standard Chart
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What does PERRLA stand for?
- Pupils
- Equal (look the same)
- Round
- Reactive
- Light
- Accommodation
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how to check for red reflex
approach from oblique angle about 14 inches from client and watch for the red flash in eyes
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Another name for tear glands and ducts is
Lacrimal apparatus
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Does an infant have tears at birth?
No, not until 3 months
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how to check for misalignment in infants eyes
Cover test - look at something cover one eye move cover eye should focus on object
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children do not have 20/20 vision until what age?
6-7 yrs of age
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test for color vision is important for children
true
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how does vision change in the elderly
- decreased acuity, peripheral vision (especially)
- pupils react sluggishly
- Arcus senilis - thin gray line around cornea
- orbital fat decreases
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steps of checking external eye
- Visual Acuity (eye chart)
- near, far, peripheral
- Appearance (inspect)
- eye lids, lashes, conjunctiva, sclera, pupils, red reflex
- Palpation
- Lacrimal Glands
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what is UAP?
unlicensed Assisted Personal.
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Can nurses delegate analysis and interpretation to an UAP?
NO
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When would you use the Snelling E chart?
for clients that are unable to read
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assessment external structures of the eye
Eyebrows
- ask pt to raise and lower eyebrows
- Normal findings:
- hair evenly distributed
- skin intact
- symmetrical
- equal movement
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assessment eyelashes
- visually inspect
- normal findings:
- equally distributed
- curled slightly outward
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assessment external eye structures
eyelids
- inspect open and closed
- normal findings:
- skin intact
- no discharge or discoloration
- lids close symmetrically
- bilaterally blinking
- 15-20 blinks per min
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what does 20/20 stand for on Snelling Chart
- numerator is the number of feet away from the chart
- denominator is the distance a normal eye could read the chart
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Presbyopia
- loss of elasticity of the lens and thus loss of the ability to see close objects
- (require bifocals)
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Astigmatism
- uneven curvature of the cornea
- common problem
- may occur with myopia and hyperopia
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Conjunctivitis
- inflammation of the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva
- result of foreign body, chemical agent
- bacteria
- virus
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Dacryocystitis
inflammation of the lacrimal sac
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Hordeolum
- Sty
- redness tenderness and swelling of the hair follicle and glands that empty at the edge of the eyelid
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Cataracts
this opacity of the lens or its capsule, which blocks light rays
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Glaucoma
disturbance in the circulation of aqueous fluid, which causes increased ocular pressure
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Mydriasis
enlarged pupils
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miosis
constricted pupils
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