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3 Secretory Glands of Saliva
Parotids, Sublinguals, Submandibulars
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A function of saliva: _______ and ______ of swallowing
Lubrication and facilitation
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Function of Saliva: Initiation of __________ digestion (but ______ in pigs)
starch, amylase
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Function of Saliva: Provide a fluid environment for ___________ digestion and neutralize large amounts of acid produced in the _________ (Ruminants)
microbial, rumen
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Primary function of an Esophagus
swallowing a food bolus
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How is food pushed down the esophagus?
Peristalsis
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What is an Esophagus?
a muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
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3 Parts of an Esophagus
Upper Esophageal Sphincter, Esophageal Body, Lower Esophageal Sphincter
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What is UES
Upper Esophageal Sphincter
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What is LES
Lower esophageal sphincter
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Primary peristalsis is initiated by
Swallowing
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Secondary peristalsis happens if
primary contraction fails to empty the esophagus, or when gastric contents are refluxed
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What is the most important function of the stomach?
The storage of food and the controlled release of its contents into the duodenum
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3 zones of the stomach
fundus, corpus, antrum
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What is the fundus involved in?
The reception and storage of contents
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What does the corpus do?
serves as a mixing vat of the saliva, gastric juice, and food
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What does the antrum serve as, and what does it regulate?
the gastric pump, and regulates the propulsion of food past the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum
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What is the mixing of feed called?
Chyme
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What in the stomach helps with the enzymatic digestion?
Pepsin
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What secretes the acid in the stomach?
Parietal cells
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What secretes pepsinogen?
Chief or peptic cells
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What do chief or peptic cells secrete
Pepsinogen
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5 stimulus of gastric acid secretion
Smell/taste/thought of food, Gastrin, Acetylcholine, Histamine, Food particles
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Inhibitors of Gastric Acid Secretion (5)
Acid, Antihistamine, Somatostatin, Cholecystockinin (CCK), food particles- fat
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Which side is the ruminant stomach located on?
Left side
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The ruminant stomach provides a site for ____ ______
microbial fermentation
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the four distinct compartments of the ruminant stomach
Reticulum, Rumen, Omasum, Abomasuum (the real stomach)
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Functions of the Ruminant stomach: ______ digestion and ______ _____ _____ production
cellulose, volatile fatty acid
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3 kinds of volatile fatty acids
Acetate, propionate, butyrate
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Functions of the Ruminant stomach: Regurgitation of ______ ______ for remastication
coarse ingesta
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Functions of the Ruminant stomach: Orderly delivery of ingesta into the _______ and ________
omasum and abomasum
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Functions of the Ruminant stomach: Eructation of gas produced by the __________ ________
intraruminal fermentation
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Ruminants digest cellulose so they can get ________
cellulase
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Digesting cellulose allows ruminants
to consume low quality, fibrous feeds
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