Program and Design Chapter 2

is a program that you execute to accomplish some task, such as preparing a paycheck, placing a customer order, or playing a game.

is a named set of statements that performs some task or group of tasks

The main method is most programming languages has a name similar to main(). If a class contains a main() method, then it is an application. If an application contains multiple methods, the main() method executes first.

is the name of a programming object, for example a class, method, or variable.

a style that increases readability by capitalizing the first letter of new words. The format is so named because identifiers appear to have 'Humps' in the middle.

class names typically use an initial uppercase letter

Frequently ask a user to enter data by typing it from a keyboard or selecting options with a mouse

which operate on large quantities of data without human intervention for each record, accept data from a storage device such as a disk.

which are named memory locations with contents that can change.

A specific numeric value is called a numeric constant because it does not change

is a statement that provides a data type and an identifier for a variable

classification that describes what values can be held by the item, how the item is stored in computer memory, what operations can be performed on the data item.

one that can hold digits and have mathematical operations performed on it

an unnamed constant

describes explanations and clarifications that appear within the same document as the programs source code

Supporting documents outside the program

constitute the limited word set that is reserved in a language

describes any character that appears to be empty, such as a space or tab

starts a class; it contains the word class and an identifier

starts a method, It contains an identifier followed by parentheses

describes the unknown values that reside in variables that have not been initialized.

whole number

a number with decimal points

floating-point numbers

can hold text that includes letters, digits, and special characters such as punctuation marks

is the act of converting data from one type to another

similar to a variable, except that its value cannot change after the first assignment.

describes the extra resources a task requires

assigns a value from the right of an assignment operator to the variable or constant on the left of the assignment operator

is the equal sign; it is used to assign a value to the variable or constant on its left

is an operator that requires two operands-one on each side

is a value that is manipulated by an operator

is the memory address identifier to the left of an assignment operator

is an operand to the right of an assignment operator

dictate the order in which operations in the same statement are carried out

describes the rules of precedence

programs contain meaningful data, method, and class names that describe their purpose

a list of every variable name used in a program, along with its type, size, and description

is a working variable that you use to hold intermediate results during a programs execution

is a message that is displayed on a monitor to ask the user for a response and perhaps explain how that response should be formatted

is the act of repeating input back to a user either in a subsequent prompt or in ouput

is a basic unit of programming logic

contains steps that execute in order with no option of branching to skip or repeat any of the tasks

Contains a decision in which the logic can break in one of two paths

repeats instructions based on a decision