Medical Terminology--Chapter 2--Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole

process of building up large protein pieces called amino acids

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simple substances and energy is released

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. determines what enters and leaves the cell

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contains regions of DNA called genes. there are 46 (23 pairs) in every cell except or the egg and sperm cells, which only contain 23 individual, unpaired ________

all the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

chemical found within each chromosome. arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces

regions of dna within each chromosome

picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

total of the chemical processes in a cell. includes catabolism and anabolism

structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature "power plants") for the cell

control center of the cell. contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

collection of fat cells

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at the joints

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

specialist in the study of tissues

"voice box"; located at the upper part of the trachea

throat. serves as a common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea)

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

"windpipe" (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

the womb. the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

internal organs

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. moves up and down and aids in breathing

pertaining to the back

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

pertaining to the pelvis; composed of hip bones surrounding the pelvic cavity

double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

double folded membrane surrounding each lung

space between the pleural layers

space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

pertaining to the front

right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

middle upper region above the stomach

right and left middle regions near the waist

central region near the navel

right and left lower regions near the groin; aka iliac regions

middle lower region below the umbilical region

right upper quadrent

left upper quadrent

right lower quadrent

left lower quadrent

neck region (C1-C7)

chest region (T1-T12)

loin (waist) region (L1-L5)

region of the sacrum (S1-S5)

region of the coccyx (tailbone)

single backbone

backbones

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

pad of cartilage between vertabrae

front surface of the body

away from the surface

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body

pertaining to the side

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

back surface of the body

lying on the belly (face down, palms down)

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body the body or structure into right and left sides

divides the body into right and left halves

on the surface

above another structure; pertaining to the head

lying on the back (face up, palms up)

horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

abdomen

fat

front

to cast (throw)

neck (of the body or uterus)

cartilage (type of connective tissue)

color

coccyx (tailbone)

skull

cell

far, distant

back portion of the body

tissue

ilium (part of the pelvic bone)

groin

nucleus

side

lower back (side and back between the ribs and pelvis)

middle

nucleus

pelvis, hip region

back, behind

nearest

sacrum

flesh

spine, backbone

nipple

nipple

chest

trachea, windpipe

navel, umbilicus

belly side of the body

vertebra(e), backbone(s)

internal organs

up

down

above

below

between

change

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

process, condition

pertaining to, full of

formation

bodies

picture, classification