Pathology

Decrease or shrinkage in celluar size

Occurs with early devolpement. ie. thymus

Occurs as a result in decreases in workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation.

Skeletal Atrophy

Increase in cell size of cells and consequently in the size of the affected organ.

Increase in the number of cells resulting from an increased rate of cell division.

Adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate. ie. liver

Occurs in estrogen-dependant organs. ie uterus and breast

abnormal proliferation of normal cells, in response to exessive hormonal stimulation or growth factors on target cells.

abnormal changes in size, shape, and organization of mature cells.

The reversable replacement of one mature cell type by another

The lack of suffcient oxygen, cause of celluar injury

Reduced blood supply

Reperfusion injury results from the generation of highly reactive oxygen intermediates

Occurs when excess ROS overwhelm endogenous antioxidant systems.

Common degenerative change, caused by the shift of extracelluar water into the cells.

Necroptosis or Cellular Death

Sum of cellular changes after local cell death and the process of cellular self-digestion

Autodigestion

Occurs in Kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands. Result from hypoxia or severe ischemia.

Ischemic injury to neurons and gial cells in the brain.

Results from M. Tuberculosis; combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis. "Clumps of Cheese"

• Cellular dissolution cause by powerful enzymes; lipases;
• Occur in breast, pancreas, and other ab structures
• "Saponification", opaque-chalk white

• Results from severe hypoxic injury
• blockage of lower leg

Coagulative necrosis

Neutrophils invade the site causing liquefactive necrosis

Clostridium

• Cell Death
• Active process  of cellular self destruction
• Programed cell death
• normal and pathological tissue