-
local signs of inflammatory response
- redness
- edema
- heat
- pain
- loss of function
-
fibrin =
strengthens a blood clot formed by platelets
-
-
lymphocytes =
- WBC
- involved in immune response
-
mononuclear phagocytes =
- (include monocytes and macrophages)
- phagocytes that engulf antigen to destroy or function as a cell that presents antigen to T and B cells
-
Dendritic cells =
cells that capture antigen and transport antigen to a specific antigen
-
Diapedisis
the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.
-
margination
Margination is the process in which free-flowing leukocytes exit the central blood stream, and initiate leukocyte and endothelial cell interactions by close mechanical contact
-
chemotaxis =
- directional migration of WBCs to the site of injury
- results in accumulation of neutrophils an monocytes at site of injury
-
neutrophils are
- first leukocytes to arrive at site of injury
- they phagocytize bacteria
-
blood discrasia =
nondescript problem with blood cells
-
shift to left =
- elevation in bands in pt blood
- elevation of juvenile WBC
- acute infection
-
neutrophils arrive when
6 - 12 hours
-
life span of neutrophil
24 - 48 hours
-
monocytes=
second type of phagocytic cells to migrate to site of injury
-
monocytes arrive when
3 - 7 days after onset of inflammation
-
macrophages are important
in cleaning the area befroe healing can occur
-
primary roles of lymphocytes involve
- cell-mediated immunity
- humoral immunity
-
histamine is released from
the mast cell
-
histamine causes
- vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
- smooth muscle constriction in the bronchials
- tissue swelling and itching
-
chemical mediators are
- bioactive substances that are involved in the vascular and cellular responses
- ie histamine and serotonin
-
Serotonin =
- chemical mediator
- vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
- smooth muscle contraction
-
thromboxane =
- chemical mediator
- powerful vasoconstriction and cause of initial skin pallor at injury site
- platelet aggregating agent
- promotes clot formation
-
Leukotrienes form
- the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis
- constricts smooth muscle of bronchi
- increases cap. permeability
- stimulates chemtaxis
-
arachadonic acid is
- chemical in cell membrane that is converted into
- prostaglandins
- thromboxane
- leukotrienes
-
-
when you think kinin you should think
stimulation of the pain receptors
-
complement cascade =
- cluster of 20 plasma proteins that combine in sequential order than causes
- vasodilation
- increased permeability
- leukocyte chemotaxis
- phagocytosis
- stimulate the release of histamine
-
when you have inflammation you have increase of protein levels why
- complement cascade which is made up of 20 different proteins and it is integral in inflammatory response
- so you have elevated levels of C reactive protein
-
cytokines do what
- sound the alarm for the immune response cells
- messengers that tell the cells what to do
- intsruct cells to alter their proliferation, differentiation secretory, or activity
-
hematopoiesis =
making of blood cell s
-
serous exudate =
- early inflammation
- blister
-
serosanguinous exudate =
RBCs and serous
-
fibrinous exudate =
adhesions, gelatinous exudate
-
purulent exudate =
- WBCs
- microorganisms
- dead cells
- abscess
-
-
acute inflammation lasts
1-2 weeks
-
subacute inflammation =
- has same features as acute inflammation but persists longer
- ie acute endocarditis
-
3 functions of immunity =
- defense
- homeostasis
- surveillance
-
are b lymphocytes humurol or cell mediated immune response
humural
-
are T cells part of humural or cell mediated immune response
cell mediated
-
T lymphocytes go after antigens that are where
- in the cell
- ie viruses
- cancer
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