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CBC includes
- hemoglobin
- hematocrit
- RBC
- red cell indices and morphology
- WBC
- WBC indifferential
- platelet count
- platelet morphology
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pancytopenia=
- decreased RBC
- decreased WBC
- decreased platelet
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hemoglobin =
- Hgb serves as a vehicle for oxygen and Co2 transport
- tells you about gas-carrying capacity of RBC
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adult male hgb =
14-18 g/dl
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adult femal hgb norm
12-16 g/dl
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increased hemoglobin levels would mean
dehydration
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decreased levels of hgb could mean
- anemia
- hemorrhage
- hemodilution
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hematocrit is
represents the percentage of RBCs compared with the total blood volume
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adult femal Hct norm =
40 - 54%
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adult female norm =
38-47%
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hematocrit increase or decrease in levels are the same as
hemoglobin
-
hematocrit is generally how many more times than hemoglobin
- 3 times
- if hgb is 12 hct is 36
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normal RBC male count =
4.5 - 6
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adult female norm RBC
4 - 5
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normal WBC count =
5000-10000
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increased WBC =
leukocytosis
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decreased WBC level count =
leukopenia
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MCV means
mean corpuscular volume
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MCH mean
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
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MCHC means
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
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RDW mean
red blood cell distribution width
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red blood cell indices are what
- indicators that reflect RBC volume, color, and hemoglobin saturation
- vital in classifying anemia and understanding cause
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NLMEB =
- never. let. mama. eat beans
- order in amounts of WBC
- neutorphil
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
- eosinophils
- basophils
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WBC differential =
% of each type of leukocyte in specimen
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what stimulates neutrophil production
acute bacterial infection and trauma
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what does shift to the left mean
- patient has exhauted polys or (mature) WBC and now have more bands (juvenile)
- which means they have a serious infection
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platelet activity is essential for what
blood clotting
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platelets are also called
thrombocytes
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normal platelet count =
150,000 - 400,000 mm3
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increased levels of thrombocytes could mean
- malignant disorders
- inflammation
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decreased levels of thrombocytes (thrombocytopenia) could mean
- leukemia
- disseminated intravascualr coagulation
- chemotherapy
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spontaneous hemorrhage is possible once platelet count falls below
20,000
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bleeding precaution neumonic =
- RANDI
- razor - electric
- aspirin - NO
- needles - small guage
- decrease needle sticks
- injury - protect from
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C-reactive protein helps in diagnosis of
inflammatory diseases, infections, and active widespread malignancy
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why do docs look at CRP
- to see if they are responding to treatments
- if titer decreasing, the patient is responding to treatment and or the acute phase is declining
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ESR is what
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- rate at which RBC settle in unclotted blood
- this is non-spscific and can be increased in acute inflammatory process
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PT time =
- prothrombin time
- assessment of extrinsic coagulation
- measures the amount of time it takes for clot formation
- factors = I, II, V, VII, X
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PT time is used for
monitor response to warfarin sodium therapy (coumadin)
-
antagonist to coumadin =
vit K
-
a pt value within what of the control is considered normal
2 seconds
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normal PT times in this area are
11.0 - 12.5
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full anticoagulation therapy is what
- the amount the PT time that you want
- in other words you don't want a pt to clot so you want their PT time to be 1.5- 2 times the control
- 1.5 - 2 times control value
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what are some interfering factors that prolong PT times
alcohol, heparin, salicylates
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shortened PT times can be caused by
- pt clots faster
- diets high in green leafy vegetables
- benadryl
- oral contracetives
- vitamin K
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INR =
normal values
- international normalized ratio
- therapeutic INR 2-3.5
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prosthetic heart valve INR values =
2.5-3.5
-
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aPTT =
used for what
- activated partial thromboplastin time
- to assess the intrinsic system of clot formation
- this is the test of choice for monitoing heparin therapy
-
test for coumadin/warfarin
-
test of choice for monitoring heparin
test aPTT
-
antidote for heparin
protamin sulfate
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normal values for aPTT
30-40 seconds
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therapeutic index for aPTT is
- 50 - 100 seconds
- which is 1.5 - 2.5 times control value of 30 - 40 seconds
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PT, INR, and aPTT are all drawn in a what
blue tube
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BUN =
- blood urea nitrogen
- primarily used for determining renal function
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increased BUN levels =
- > 20
- renal disease
- dehydration
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normal BUN levels =
10 - 20 mg/dl
-
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creatinine is released when
muscle tissue is broken down
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creatinine is used to determine
indicator of kidney function
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normal creatinine male levels
0.6 - 1.2 mg/dl
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normal female creatinine levels
0.5 - 1.1 mg/dl
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if BUN increases and serum creatinine remains normal that means
dehydration is present
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is both BUN and creatinine are increased that means
a renal disorder is present
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which is a better indicator for renal disease BUN or creatinine
creatinine
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BUN used mainly to assess
dehydration
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if pt is suspected to have appendicitis you would draw what labs
WBC with differential
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which WBC count would most likely to be increased with appendicitis and why
- neutrophils
- because they are the first responders
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a PT an INR that is higher than the theraoeutic range what would DOC do
lower or hold next coumadin dose
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