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"What is a solution consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or of a weak base and its conjugate acid? "
Buffer
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"What is the most common chemical reaction, which is the reaction of materials with oxygen accompanied by the giving off of energy in the form or heat?"
Combustion
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What is the area of chemistry that concerns with the rate at which chemical reactions occur?
Chemical kinetics
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Which one is a factor that affects the rate of chemical reaction?
"All of the above (temperature, concentration and surface area of reactants, prescence of a catalyst)"
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What is the minimum amount of energy need for a chemical reaction to occur called?
Activated energy
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What refers to the state at which the rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal?
chemical equilibrium
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"If the energy is released as the reaction occurs, it is a __________ reaction."
exothermic
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What is the study of heat formed or required for the chemical reaction?
thermochemistry
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"If the energy is absorbed during the reaction, it is a ________ reaction?"
endothermic
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What is the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of the products to the equilibrium concentrations of the reactance with each species concentration raised to the corresponding stoichiometric coefficient found in the balance reaction?
equilibrium constant
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"What is a substance that, when added to a reaction mixture, increases the rate of the reaction but is itself unchanged after the reaction is done?"
Catalyst
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What term is used as a qualitative description of the extent of the chemical reaction?
equilibrium position
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What is a substance that slows down a chemical reaction?
Inhibitors
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What quality is used to determine how far from equilibrium the chemical reaction is?
reaction quotient
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How are catalysts classified?
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
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"What states that if a change in condition is imposed on a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium position will shift in the direction that tends to reduce the effects of that change?"
le chatelier principle
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What type of catalyst exists in the same phase as the reactants in the reaction mixture?
Homogeneous
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What refers to the reaction of Oxygen with an element or compound?
oxidation
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What type of catalyst exists in separate phase as the reactants in the reaction mixture?
Heterogeneous
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The gain of electrons by a substance is known as
reduction
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The loss of electron by a substance is known as
oxidation
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Most heterogeneous catalyst are _______.
solids
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What represents the charge that the atom would have if the electron is each bond belonged entirely to the more electronegative atom?
oxidation number
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A reduced substance is what type of agent?
oxidizing agent
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The oxidized substance is what type of agent?
reduction agent
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Oxidation in an electrochemical cell always takes place where?
at the anode
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reduction in an electrochemical cell always takes place where?
at the cathode
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What is the process of putting back the lost electrons to convert the ion back to a metal?
reduction
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"In electrochemistry, oxidation is a loss of_______"
electron
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What reaction does not involve any change in oxidation number?
nonredox reaction
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What is the apparatus that uses a spontaneous redox reaction to generate electricity?
voltaic cell
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Which of the following is a crystalline form of carbon?
"All of the above (diamond, graphite, fullerenes)"
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"What crystalline carbon is soft, black, slippery solid that posses metallic luster and conduct electricity?"
graphite
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What is formed when hydrocarbons such as methane are heated in the presence of very little oxygen?
carbon black
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What type of carbon is produced when wood I heated intensly in the absence of air?
charcoal
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What type of carbon is used to remove undesirable odors from air?
charcoal
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What carbon is produced when coal is strongly heated in the absence of air?
coke
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What type of carbon is used in the manufacture of car tires?
carbon black
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Which of the following is NOT a property of inorganic compounds?
usually flammable and combustible
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Inorganic compounds:
"All of the above (are generally soluble in nonpolar solvents, are generally non flammable, have presence of ionic bond)"
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The organic compounds are related to each other by a common feature involving a certain arrangement of atoms called?
functional groups
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"What is the simplest alkene, which is a plant hormone that plays important role in seed germination and ripening of fruits?"
Ethene
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What is the simplest and most commonly encountered class of organic compunds?
hydrocarbons
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What is the simplest alkyne which is a highly reactive molecule?
Acetylene or ethyne
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"Based on the type of bond existing between two carbon atoms, how do hydrocarbons classified?"
saturated and unsaturated
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"The compounds, benzene, naphthalene and anthracene are example of what hydrocarbons?"
Aromatic hydrocarbons
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What hydrocarbons contain only single bond?
Alkanes
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What are hydrocarbons that contain one or more double bonds?
Alkene
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What are hydrocarbons that contain one or more triple bonds?
Alkyne
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"When a hydrocarbon consists of carbon links that form a long straight or branched chain, it is classified as ________ type."
chain
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"When hydrocarbon consists of carbon links that form a ring, it is classified a s _____ type."
cyclic
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What aromatic hydrocarbon is used as a component of mothballs?
Naphthalene
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The aromatic hydrocarbons contain the structural unit called _________.
benzene
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"What is a six-carbon ring with three alternating double bonds, or closely related rings or rings of similar nature where nitrogen replaces carbon in one or more ring positions?"
benzene
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What is another term for Alkanes?
paraffins
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What is another term for Alkenes?
Olefins
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What is the simplest alkane which is a major component of nature gas?
methane
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"In 1956, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) devised a systematic way of naming organic compounds. What is this called?"
System of Nomenclature
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"In naming of hydrocarbons, what refers to a side chain that is formed by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane?"
Alkyl group
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"In a copper atom, the valence ring contains how many electrons?"
one electron
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Compounds that contain halogens are called ________.
halides
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A ______ is a cell designed to produce electric current and can be recharged.
secondary cell
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The organic compounds that contains oxygen but not in the carbonyl group are called _____.
alcohols and ethers
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Which of the following statement is FALSE?
The differential rate is the mathematical expression that shows how the rate of a reaction depends on volume
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What organic compounds contain the hydroxyl as the functional group and are considered derivates of water?
Alcohols
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What is the opposite of alkali?
acid
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What organic compounds contain nitrogen?
Amines and amides
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The amount of electricity a battery can produce is controlled by the _______.
strength of the acid
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What organic compounds in which two hydrocarbon groups that can be aliphatic or aromatic are attached to one oxygen atom?
Ethers
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The electrolyte is a solution of water and ________.
sulfuric acid
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Which of the following gases is usually used as a refrigerant?
Dimethyl ether
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What is a deuteron?
a nucleus containing a neutron and a proton
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Which of the following statements regarding organic substances is FALSE?
Organic matter is generally stable at very high temperature
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Which of the following elements is NOT radioactive?
Cobalt
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"A substance that is essentially non-ionized, both in the pure state and in solution is called ______."
Electrolyte
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The formula for Dinitrogen Pentoxide is:
N2O5
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Which of the following is most likely to prove that a substance is inorganic?
The substance is heated together with copper oxide and the resulting gases are found to have no effect on limestone
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One of the following statements is wrong. Which one is it?
The mass of an electron is heavier than that of a proton
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Which of the following elements and compounds is unstable in its pure form?
Sodium
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What are the compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structural formula?
Isomers
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What refers to the attraction between like molecules?
Cohesion
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Which of the following is the strongest type of bonds?
Covalent
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"What is formed when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol react, with water as a by-product?"
Ester
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"When all of the atoms of a molecule are the same, the substance is called a/an ______."
a compound
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What represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?
atomic number
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An element maybe define as a substance with all atoms of which have the same ______.
atomic number
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Reactions generally proceed faster at high temperatures because of which of the following?
the molecules collide more frequently and the activation energy is less
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The device which measured the acid content of the cell is called ______.
hydrometer
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The condition of a liquid electrolyte is measured in terms of its:
specific gravity
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What common carboxylic acid is found in yogurt?
Lactic acid
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What carboxylic acid is found in grapes?
tartaric acid
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What carboxylic acid is found in coconut oil?
lauric acid
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What do you call the distinct pattern in space which the atoms of metal arranged themselves when they combine to produce a substance of recognizable size?
space lattice
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"When a solid has a crystalline structure, the atoms arranged in repeating structures called______________."
unit cell
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What refers to a crystal imperfection characterized by regions of severe atomic misfit where atoms are not promerly surrounded by neighbor atoms?
dislocation
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All are properties of liquid state except one. Which one?
do not mix by diffusion
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What is equal to the fraction of the isotope in a naturally occuring sample of the element?
the relative abundance of the isotope
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What refers to salts of weak bases dissolving in water to form acidic solution?
hydrolysis
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Which of the following elements has the highest atomic number?
uranium
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All are properties of gaseous state except one. Which one?
mixed uniformly when soluble in one another
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