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How many elements are present in the human body...and the major ones include?
26 presents and O, C, H, N and make up 96%
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what is an atom?
smallest unit of an element that retains characteristics of an element
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what does an atom contain?
nucleus that has protons and neutrons in the middle of the element
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total charge is neutral of protons # and what else?
electrons #
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Number of protons = number of electrons T/F
True and also equals the atomic number
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number of protons + number of neutrons = ?
mass number
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when an atom gives up or gains an electron, it becomes what?
ion
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when atoms share electrons they form ?
a molecule
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2 or more different atoms held together with chemical bonds =
a compound
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3 types of bonds?
Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen
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Which type of bond shares electrons?
Covalent
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What bond does not share electrons?
Ion
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which bond is the strongest/ and weakest?
strongest covalent, weakest hydrogen
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Describe an ionic bond
is when an electron is donated or accepted from another atom
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if an electron is accepted an atom has a what positive or negeative charge
negative charge also known as anion
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if electron is donated atoms become postive or negative and what are they called :
positive ion and called cation
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describe a covalent bond?
sharing of electrons in the outer shell
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describe hydrogen atoms?
hydrogen must be present and attracts by the opposite charge
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What are the chemical reaction types?
Synthesis, decomposition, exchange, reversible
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what is A+B-->AB reaction
synthesis
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what is a synthesis also known as
anabolism
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what type of reaction is AB-->A+B
decomposition
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Decomposition is also known as?
catabolism
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describe inorganic chemicals?
they lack carbon hydrogen bonds
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organic compounds
contain C-H bonds
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give some examples of organic compounds?
carboydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
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give examples of inorganic compounds
water
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PH concept the smaller the number the more what?
Acidic
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PH concept the larger the number the more what?
alkaline
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PH Concept: Neutral is what number on the scale
7
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The most common source of energy for humans comes from what
carbohydrates
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what are the building blocks/ monimers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide; simple sugars, disaccharide; two bonded monosaccharides , polysaccharide more complex
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what type of carbohydrate is stored in animals liver, and muscles
glycogen
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what polysaccaharide i stored in plants
starch
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what type of carbs is found in fiber
cellulose
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Lipids are soluble or insoluble in water and what is their function?
insouble they hate water; protect insulate and provide energy
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what are triglycerides?
the most abundant composed of 3 fatty chains and 1 glcerol, may be saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated
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what are phospholipids?
form lipid bilayer in membranes
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what part of the phospholipids are attracted to water?
hydrophilic the head
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proteins are composed of what?
amino acids
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how many amino acids are there?
20
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what are the groups of amino acids
carboxyl and amino group
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amino acid chains are called
peptide, dipeptide, tripeptide, polypeptide
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50 or more amino acids is classified
protein
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49 or less amino acids are classified as
polypeptide
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Enzymes are made of what?
proteins
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the process of one enzyme working with another enzyme is called
substrate
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the intraction of two enzymes and what the enzymes create is called
a product
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DNA contains what bases?
T-A C-G
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RNA contains what bases
U-A C-G contains uracil
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Nucleotides are building blocks for what
DNA and RNA
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DNA does what
direct protein synthesis and cares genetic information
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RNA
carries out protein synthesis by correctly sequencing amino acids
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what is ATP
adenosine triphosphate
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What is the function of ATP
carries energy in high-energy chemical bonds between terminal phosphate groups energy is relased when they break ATP> ADP
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