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Active verbs (How do active verbs enhance your writing?)
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Allegory
a symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning
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Analogy
a comparison between two similar things
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Antagonist
a character or force against which another character struggles
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Archetype
a plot which repeats basic historical or primitive life patterns
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Characterization (handout + p.61 esp.)
the means by which writers present and reveal character
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Climax
the turining point of the action in the plot of a play or story
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Complications
an intensification of the conflict in a story or play
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Conflict
a struggle between opposing forces in a story or play
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Connotation
the associations called up by a word that goes beyond its dictionary meaning
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Culture (Why do we avoid this word when used alone?)
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Denotation
the dictionary meaning of a word
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Denouement
the resolution of the plot of a literary work
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Diction
the selection of words in a literary work
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Exposition
- the first stage of a fictional or dramatic plot
- necessary background information is provided here
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Fiction
- an imagined story, whether in prose, poetry, or drama
- or an imagined character
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Figurative language (effect + for what purpose)
a form of language use in which writers and speakers convey something other than the literal meaning of their words
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Irony (3 types + purpose)
- verbal irony: characters say the opposite of what they mean
- dramatic irony: a character speaks in ignorance of a situation or an event known to the audience or other characters
- irony of circumstance/situation: the opposite of what is expected occurs
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Literal meaning (effect + for what purpose)
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Metaphor
a comparison between two essentially unlike things without an explicitly compartive word such as like or as
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Modifiers (Why are modifiers important?)
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Motif
a device which serves as a unifying agent in conveying a theme
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P.O.V.
- the angle of vision from which a story is narrated
- first person: the narrator is a character or an observer
- objective: the narrator knows or appears to know no more than the reader
- omniscient: the narrator knows everything about the characters
- limited omniscient: the narrator knows some things about the characters but not everything
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Plot
the unified structure of incidents in a literary work
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Protagonist
the main character of a literary work
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Satire
a literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies
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Sarcasm
a sharp, caustic expression or remark; a bitter gibe or taunt
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Setting (3 critical elements—which one is most important? Why?)
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Simile
a figure of speech involving a comparison between unlike things using like, as, or as though
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Society (Why do we avoid this word when used alone?)
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Style
the way an author chooses words, and arranges them in sentences or in lines of dialogue or verse, and develops ideas and actions with literary techniques
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Subject
what a story or play is about
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Symbol
an object or action in a literary work that stands for something beyond itself/means more than itself
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Syntaxt
the grammatical order of words in a sentence or line of verse or dialouge
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Theme
- the idea of a literary work abstracted from its details of language, character, and action
- cast in the form of a generalization
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Tone
the implied attitude of a writer toward the subject and characters of a work
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