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1000 BCE
Neolithic Revolution (agriculture)
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When and what were the Paleo Indians?
- 11,000 - 9,000 BCE, Nomadic Hunters
- used clovis points
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What are the five cultures of Archaic Indians?
- Pacific Coast
- Great Basin
- Great Plains
- Southwest
- Eastern Woodlands
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Where and what was the Pacific Coast culture known for?
- California
- fishing and arts
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Where and what was the Great Basin culture known for?
- Between Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada
- nomadic gatherers
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Where and what was the Great Plains culture known for?
- East of Rocky Mountains
- bison hunters, trappers
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Where and what was the Eastern Woodlands culture known for?
- East of the Mississippi River
- earthworks, pottery
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What were the three Eastern Woodland groups?
- Algonquian
- Iroquois
- Muskogean
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Where and what were the Algonquian people known for?
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Where and what were the Iroquois people known for?
- Inland (Carolinas-New York)
- matriarchal, agriculture
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What were the five nations of the Iroquois Confederacy?
- Mohawk
- Oneida
- Onondaga
- Cayuga
- Seneca
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One nation joined the Iroquois Confederacy late. What nation was it and when did they join?
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Where and what were the Muskogean people known for?
- Southeast
- Naturally abundant land
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Where and what was the Southwest culture known for?
- Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado
- started mostly nomadic gatherers, ended as agriculture
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What were the three groups of the Southwest culture?
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Where were the Mogollon settled?
Southern New Mexico
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Where were the Hohokam settled?
Southern Arizona
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Where were the Anasazi settled?
Southern UT & CO, Northern AR & NM
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What were the four gods of the Mexica and their respective elements?
- Huitzilopochtli – war
- Tezcatlipoca – night sky
- Tlaloc – rain
- Quetzalcoatl – sustenance
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1469-79
Spain's civil war
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1487-92
Reconquista (Spain takes over Granada)
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Ferdinand and Isabella got married because...
Aragon and Castile needed to unite to become Spain
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Who was Prince Henry?
Most useful Portuguese explorer
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Who sponsored Columbus? When?
Spain, 1492 (after Reconquista)
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Which ship leaves Columbus' exploration in search of gold?
Pinta captain Pinzon left in search of Babeque.
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What is encomienda?
A system that divides land amongst conquistadors.
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1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
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1519
Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigates the globe
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What was the Columbian exchange?
The discovery of the Atlantic ocean created a highway between New World and European trade
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1519
Hernan Cortes' expedition of the mainland
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1521
Cortes gets other natives to overthrow the Mexica
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Where and what were the Inca known for?
- Peru
- partiable inheritance
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1549
The Repartimiento of 1549 - conquistadors may only enslave their natives for 45 days a year.
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What was the hierarchy of the races?
- Peninsulares
- Creole
- Mestizo
- Natives
- African slaves
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Peninsulares
People born in Spain
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Creole
children of Peninsulares
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Mestizo
Spanish dad, native mom
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Natives
- native dad, native mom
- native dad, Spanish mom
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1564
France decided to compete with Spain by taking over Fort Caroline in Jacksonville, FL
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1585-1587
Roanoke Expedition I & II
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1611-1621
- Lawes Divine Morall
- and Martiall
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