Medical

At least 100/minute

Push hard, push fast.

30 chest compressions to 2 breaths.

Chest rise

• 30 compressions to 2 breaths for a single rescuer
• 15 compressions to 2 breaths for 2 rescuers

• 30 compressions to 2 breaths for a single rescuer
• 15 compressions to 2 breaths for 2 rescuers

120 over 80

90 over 50

80 over 40

Approximately 1 every 5-6 seconds (12-20/minute)

Approximately 1 every 3-5 seconds (16-24/minute)

Approximately 1 every 2 seconds (30-40/minute)

Approximately 1 every second (40-60/minute)

Heart and Stroke

Red Cross

Approximately 4 to 6 minutes

At least 2"

Approximately 2"

Approximately 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest (1 1/2")

When a pulse is present but ventilations are inadequate

No more than 10 seconds

• Elbows straight/arms locked
• Position yourself directly above the patient
• Push hard, push fast (at least 100/minute)
• Hand placed on the center of the lower part of the breastbone
• Count out loud (when you get to 25ish)

Yes, if there is no child/infant defibrillator pads available

No

Always check on the same side of the patient you are on.

When you are by yourself

• Obvious death (rigor mortis, transection, decapitation, gross charring, etc.)
• Penetrating trauma (person is bleeding out because of wounds)

• Hypothermic
• Blunt force trauma

Arm by bicep (brachial pulse)

Neck (carotid pulse)

Head tilt/chin lift OR modified jaw thrust if spinal/head injury suspected

• Slide hands under shoulder blades to avoid hyperextending the neck
• Only move head as far as the "sniffing position"

Encourage them to cough it out, or if necessary place fist above abdomen and perform abdominal thrusts until the object is displaced or patient goes unresponsive

Same as normal except with a look inside the airway between each set of compressions to determine if obstructing object can be seen.  Never use blind finger sweeps, if you can see the object attempt to remove it.

• Usually secondary to other conditions
• Oxygen is critical, get them ventilated and oxygenated ASAP

• Date
• Patient's name
• Signed by medical professional
• Wishes of individual filled in/checked off

• OFM emblem
• Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care emblem
• Serial number
• Must be Ontario DNR form

• Humanity
• Impartiality
• Neutrality
• Independence
• Voluntary service
• Unity
• Universality

Standardized procedures to follow when providing patient care

A scenario where the law would assume the patient wants care (unresponsive, VSA, etc.)

• Honour their wishes
• Try to get them to stick around until advanced care or police arrive
• Have a witness hear the refusal if at all possible

• When equal or more advanced medical care takes over
• When a patient becomes responsive
• When a doctor/medical health professional declares the patient as dead
• When it becomes unsafe to do so

• When a painful area/condition is found, use OPQRST to get patient to describe pain.
• Onset - when did it start?
• Provoke - what caused it?
• Quality - describe (shooting, crushing, etc.)
• Regionalized/Radiating - only in chest, goes down left arm, etc.
• Severity - 1 to 10 scale, compared to childbirth, broken bone, etc.
• Time - how long has it been going on?

• Used to interview patients and/or bystanders on medical calls.
• Signs/Symptoms - observations rescuer makes, reported symptoms from patient
• Allergies - patient have any allergies?
• Medications - patient on any meds?
• Previous medical history - happened before?
• Last meal - when did patient eat least?
• Events - what happened leading up to incident?

• Used during secondary head to toe full body assessment.
• Deformities
• Open wounds
• Tenderness
• Swelling

• Pupils (equal in size and reactive to light)
• Pulse (quality, rate and rhythm)
• Respirations (quality, rate and rhythm)
• Blood pressure (normal pressure for adult/child/infant)
• Skin (colour, condition and temperature)

• When determining a patient's level of consciousness.
• Alert
• Verbal - respond to verbal stimuli
• Painful - respond to painful stimuli
• Unresponsive

• Assessing if C-spine is necessary
• Level of consciousness
• Breathing
• Pulse
• Severe bleeding

• Altered level of consciousness
• Inadequate pulse
• Inadequate ventilations
• Severe bleeding

• Unknown injury
• Head/spine injury suspected

• Any discharges/fluids
• Pupils
• Softness around eyes, cheeks or jaw
• Abnormalities
• Airway unobstructed

• Abnormalities
• Breathing difficulties

• Hardness or swelling
• Tenderness

Moves correctly on all 3 planes

• Circulation (capillary refill)
• Sensation (squeeze fingers/move toes)
• Deformities

• 1)Assess scene safety
• 2)Don all necessary PPE
• 3)Notify dispatch that you are 10-12 and report:  
•              a) number of patients
•              b) apparent mechanism of injury
•              c) additional resources needed

• Assess whether C-spine is necessary
• Assess level of consciousness
• Assess CAB's
• Interventions (oxygen, orophyrangeal airway, bandages, etc.)
• Rapid body search looking for severe bleeding
• Transport decision (load and go or not)
• Update dispatch

• -Interview patient/bystanders using SAMPLE while performing a vitals check
• -Do full head to toe using DOTS and if painful area/condition is found, use OPQRST to describe pain
• -Provide ongoing care and transfer to paramedics when they arrive
• -Pass on all relevant info to paramedics

• -Full head to toe using DOTS and if painful area/condition is found, use OPQRST to describe pain
• -Interview patient/bystander using SAMPLE while checking vitals
• -Provide ongoing patient care and transfer to paramedics when they arrive
• -Pass on all relevant information to paramedics

• Right person
• Right medication
• Right dosage
• Right time
• Right route (administered correctly)
• Right documentation (time, dose, route, effect)

• Identify yourself
• State your level of training
• Explain what you think may be the problem
• Explain what you plan to do

• Neck (carotid)
• Upper arm by bicep (brachial)
• Wrist (radial)
• Thigh (femoral)
• Foot (pedal)

Rigid, dry, non-metallic

• Need bare skin (shave hair if necessary)
• Skin needs to be dry (wipe with towel if necessary)
• Ensure correct placement the first time

Measure airway from earlobe to the corner of the mouth

Only place the suction tube down as far as you can see (can also measure from earlobe to the corner of mouth like an airway)

• Resuscitation mask
• Bag valve mask

Non-rebreather

Persistent chest pain

• Blood pressure
• Pulse check
• Whether any ED medication has been taken in the last 48 hours
• 6 rights of medication

• No oxygen nearby (flammable)
• Patient not on a metal surface
• No one contacting patient when analyzing or shocking patient

Approximately 1 second

• Facial numbness/weakness/droop
• Arm numbness/weakness, especially on 1 side
• Speech slurred or difficult
• Time is critical, get advanced care

A condition where the circulator system fails to adequately circulate oxygen-rich blood to all cells of the body

• Assess CAB and provide necessary care
• Provide care for specific situations (bleeding, splinting, oxygen administration, etc.)
• Help patient rest comfortably
• Help patient maintain normal body temperature
• Provide ongoing care

• Abrasion
• Laceration
• Avulsion
• Puncture

• Superficial - only on the surface (red, dry skin, painful)
• Partial-thickness - involve epidermis and dermis (red skin with blisters, often swollen, painful, may appear blotchy)
• Full-thickness - destroys both skin layers and possibly structures underneath like fat, bones, muscles, nerves, etc. (may be painless if nerve endings are destroyed, generally surrounded by painful partial-thickness burns, can appear black or brown with structures underneath appearing white, can be life-threatening)

Method of estimating burn areas on children and adults (9 percent assigned to both arms and head, 18 percent assigned to each leg, 18 percent assigned to the front of torso and the rear of torso, and 1 percent assigned to crotch) as well as infants (18 percent assigned to head, 18 percent assigned to each side of torso, 9 percent assigned to each arm, 14 percent assigned to each leg)

• If dealing with a dry chemical burn, use back of gloved hand to sweep off any chemical residue
• If dealing with full-thickness burns, place a dry sterile dressing over the burn
• If dealing with superficial or partial-thickness burns, if possible submerge the burn in cool water and then place a damp dressing over top
• Treat patient for shock

• RICE:
• Rest
• Immobilize
• Cold
• Elevate

Three sided occlusive bandage (tape top and both sides, keep bottom open to allow for exhalation and drainage)

• Remove clothing from around the wound
• Apply moist, sterile dressings loosely over the wound
• Cover dressings lightly with a folded towel to maintain temperature
• Bend the knees to alleviate pressure on the abdomen
• Treat for shock

• Inhalation
• Injection
• Ingestion
• Absorption

• Mild - body temperature of 36 - shivering, increased metabolic rate, body still producing some heat
• Moderate - body temperature of 34-30 - impaired judgment and speech, slow/abnormal pulse
• Severe - body temperature below 30 - fixed and dilated pupils, loss of movement, heart stops 

Freezing of body tissues, commonly occurs on fingers, toes, ears and nose

• Body temperature is normal
• Severe muscle contractions
• Skin is moist

• Normal or slightly elevated body temperature
• Cool, moist, pale skin
• Headache
• Exhaustion
• Dizziness and weakness
• Nausea

• Rapid, weak pulse
• Rapid, shallow breathing
• Hot, dry skin
• Progressive loss of consciousness
• High body temperature

37 degrees Celsius

• Preparation
• Delivery of the baby
• Delivery of the placenta
• Stabilization

• Use your legs not your back
• Keep weight as close to you as possible
• Keep body aligned
• Reduce height or distance you need to move if possible
• Keep back, wrist and knees in normal alignment

• Black - dead/non-salvageable
• Red - require immediate attention
• Yellow - require attention but not immediately
• Green - can walk on their own

Not breathing/obviously dead

• Breathing over 30 times/minute
• Breathing normal, radial pulse absent
• Abnormal level of consciousness

Breathing, radial pulse and level of consciousness normal but they cannot walk away on their own

Patient can walk

Signs of puberty (roughly around age 8)

Anterior and posterior

Distal and proximal

Superior and inferior

Check for signs of circulation (cap refill, colour, pulse, etc.)

• Ventricular fibrillation
• Ventricular tachycardia

• Asystole (flat-lined)
• Normal heart rhythm

• Have patient sitting and at rest, no talking
• Find the radial artery
• Put on the cuff
• Inflate cuff to roughly 40 mmHg above the point where you lose the radial pulse
• Slowly release air from the cuff
• The point where you get the first indicator of a pulse back is the systolic pressure

• Anatomical (tongue, swollen tissue, etc.)
• Mechanical (food, toy, etc.)

If they are unresponsive but breathing, no suspected head/spine injury, and you have completed the primary and secondary surveys

• Unresponsive - no response to verbal or painful stimuli, no muscle control, often signs of incontinence are present
• Unconscious - usually respond to painful stimuli, still have control of their muscles (gag reflex)

An unresponsive patient

• Adult - Upside down to start (tip touching the roof of the mouth), rotate 180 degrees when you get roughly halfway in and "corkscrew" it into place
• Infant - To the side to start (tip touching the cheek), rotate 90 degrees when you get roughly halfway in and "corkscrew" it into place

• 29 minutes at 10 lpm
• 72 minutes at 4 lpm

• Dressing - applied directly to wound
• Bandage - holds dressing(s) in place

• Blood clot/rupture
• Head injury
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)

• Fracture
• Dislocation
• Strain
• Sprain

Rigid, soft, anatomical, traction

Take a distal pulse

The skin is broken on an open fracture

5 seconds

From the tip of the nose to the earlobe

• Size airway appropriately
• Apply lubrication to airway
• Insert airway into the right nostril with the pointed end towards the septum
• Administer 1-4 LPM of supplemental oxygen

Put dry gauze between them.

They dilate.

Milk or patient's saliva

The space between the trap muscle and a line drawn straight down from the chin (generally done with fingers)

Stabilize a patient who is in the sitting position (generally to help extricate from an MVC)

• My Baby Looks Hot Tonight
• Middle
• Bottom
• Legs
• Head
• Top

Aura (signs which sometimes let a patient know a seizure is coming), tonic (rigid), clonic (spasm), post-ictal (unaware of surroundings, gradually coming to).

A foreign substance which enters the body.

Splint used to provide traction in the event of a broken femur.