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PCV
percentage of erythrocytes (RBC) to the total volume of blood
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PCV higher than normal
dehydrated or shock
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PCV lower than normal
lack of RBC=lack of ability to carry oxygen
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definition of hematology
study of iron, hemoglobin, blood
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blood is made of two portions:
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cellular portion of blood:
- erythrocytes (RBC)
- leukocytes (WBC)
- thrombocytes (platelets)
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fluid (plasma) portion of blood:
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which are larger, RBC or WBC?
WBC
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dog's average RBC&WBC per mL
- RBC-6,000,000-7,000,000
- WBC-10,000-12,000
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6 major electrolytes
- Sodium (Na+)
- Chloride (Cl-)
- Potassium (K+)
- Calcium (Ca++)
- Phosphate (PO4+)
- Magnesium (Mg++)
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why are LRS better for the body?
added electrolytes
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deficiency of the electrolyte Potassium will lead to
renal failure
-
deficiency of the electrolyte Calcium will lead to
tetany
-
deficiency of these two electrolytes will kill
Potassium and Calcium
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every single cell participates in this or they are dead
cellular respiration
-
pale
not enough hemoglobin in the RBC
-
pancreas main job
produce digestive enzymes
- 1. amylase
- 2. lipase
- 3. trypsin
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insulin
allows the glucose in the bloodstream to enter cells
-
high blood glucose=
- diabetes
- not enough insulin to allow glucose to get out of the bloodstream and into the cells
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major uses for proteins
- 1.enzymes
- 2.antibodies
- 3.muscle
- 4.plasma membrane
- 5.hormones
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animal in shock, check:
- heartbeat
- breathing
- kidney function (catheterize to see if urine is being produced)
give fluids to increase BP to make sure toxins are able to be filtered out of the body
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part of kidney that filters toxins from the blood
glomerulus
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-
*shock*
the movement of blood from peripheral circulation to internal circulation
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variation in size of RBC
anisocytosis
-
anisocytosis
variation in size of RBC
-
polychromasia
many colors
-
reitculocyte
- immature RBC
- causes anisocytosis &/or polychromasia
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poikilocytosis
abnormal shape
-
abnormal shape
poikilocytosis
-
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characteristics of a monocyte
- 1. biggest WBC
- 2. blueish cytoplasm
- 3. vacuoles in cytoplasm
- 4. indented nucleus
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crenation
projections on RBC
caused by rough handling or staining slide before blood is dry
-
dacrocyte
teardrop shaped RBC
-
teardrop shaped RBC
dacrocyte
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keratocyte
RBC with a bite taken out
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schistocyte
RBC fragments
-
lymphocyte
looks like monocyte but with a rounded nucleus
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hypersegmented neutrophil
more than 4 segments
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stomatocyte
RBC central pallor flat/slit like
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heinz bodies
little knob coming off like heinz ketchup bottle
(#1 toxicity seen with is onions)
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spherocyte
- smaller than normal RBC
- stain darker red
condensed bc antibodies weighing down on, caused by autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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