terms

the study of drugs in humans

any chemical that can affect living processes

the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems

the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy; (medical use of drugs)

passage of microorganisms suspended in the air on water droplets or dust particles that enter the host by inhalation.

immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

forgeign material, usually a bacteria capable of inducing a specific immune response.

absence of disease producing microorganisms; being free of infection

technique based upon the premise that all body substances may contain pathogens. Never touch with the bare hand anything wet that comes from the body cavity.

person or animal who is without signs of illness but who have pathogens on or within body that can be transferred to others.

growth of microorganisms in or on the body. The presence and multiplication of microorganisms without tissue invasion or damage. The infected individual shows no signs or symptoms of infection, while the potential to infect others still exists.

physical transfer of an organism between an infected or colonized person and a susceptible host involving direct or indirect contact.

stage of an infection that represents recovery from the infection.

substance, usually intended for use on inanimate objects, that destroy pathogens, but generally not spores.

inhalation of respiratory pathogenic microorganisms suspended on

liquid particles exhaled by someone already infected

ex. a person suffering from an upper respiratory infection sneezes, allowing the microorganism to exit the body and inhaled by another person.

infection in which the causative(cause) organisms comes from microbial life the person itself harbors.

stage of an infection characterized by the presence of specific signs and symptoms.

specific reactions in the body as it response to an invading foreign protein such as bacteria, of even in some cases the bodys own protein.

stage of infection between exposure to an infectious organism and the appearance of clinical systems of disease.

Localized response of the body to injury or the infection; protective mechanism that eliminates invading pathogens and allow for tissue repair to occur.

techniques used to control and to reduce the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. A medical aseptic technique is hand washing.

place where microorganisms can thrive and reproduce. 

ex. humans,animals,and inanimate objects, such as water,tabletops and doorknobs.

microorganisms that normally live on a person's skin.

symptoms manifested throughout the entire body.

microorganism picked up on the skin as a result of normal activities, which can be removed readily.

transfer of microorganisms by way of contaminated items.

ex. blood can carry hep and HIV

ability to produce disease

• organism that resists the effects of the antibiotic Vancomycin. For many patients infected with     There is no known effective medication. is one of the common causes of nosocomial infection and is easily transmitted on the hands of the health care worker.

abnormal breath sounds heard over the lung

agent that reduces fever

ex. aspirin

absence of breathing

irregular pattern of heart beat

listening for sounds within the body

Temporary disappearance of the Korotkoff sounds, it typically occurs between the 1st and 2nd sounds

Respirations of the same depth followed by a period of apnea

force of blood against the artery walls

abnormally slow rate of pulse; <60 BPM

 temperature, pulse, respiratory rates and blood pressure

AKA- vital signs

gradual increase and the gradual decrease in depth of respirations followed by a period of apnea.

rhythm that completes a full cycle every 24 hours;

diurnal rhythm

transfer of heat to another object during direct contact

dissemination of heat by motion between areas of unequal density the body

temperature of internal areas of the body

difficult breathing

irregular pattern of heartbeat; synonym is arrhythmia

abnormally elevated blood pressure with no known cause.

normal respirations

act of lung ventilation, oxygen absorption and carbon dioxide elimination

act of breathing out

crackling sound heard in the chest cavity, caused by inflamed pleura rubbing against the chest wall.

high fever, above 105.8

blood pressure elevated above the upper limit of normal

blood pressure below the lower limit of normal

act of breathing in

body temperature that alternates between a period of fever and a period of normal or subnormal temperature

act of using oxygen by body cells.

tissue respiration

series of sounds that correspond to changes in blood flow through an artery as pressure is released

gradual return of an elevated body temperature to normal

type of dyspnea in which breathing becomes easier when the patient sits or stands

temporary fall in blood pressure associated with assuming an upright position

postural hypotension

perception of ones own heartbeat

restraint to blood flow created by arterial walls in a partial state of contraction 

Fast respiratory rate

Tachypnea

irregular rhythm in which a heartbeat occurs sooner that the pace at which previous ones were noted

abnormally elevated blood pressure with no known cause

difference between the apical and radial pulse rates.

difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

elevation above the upper limit of normal body temperature.

aka fever

abnormal lung sound that returns to normal for at least a day after which fever returns

abnormal lung sounds described as crackling in nature

body temperature that fluctuates several degrees above normal, but does not reach normal between fluctuations

abnormal continuous sound characterized by a characterized by a sonorous, dry, coarse sound heard over the large airway.

can be cleared with a cough

the level at which the hypothalamus attempts to maintain body temperature

noisy respirations

harsh, high-pitched sound usually heard on inspiration when upper airways become narrowed

abnormally rapid rate; >100 BPM

continuous, high-pitched sound heard over the small bronchial tubes.