-
Which theories in the text are described as "comprehensive, enduring, and widely applied"?
grand
-
Freud believed that the ______ was the focus of pleasurable sensation during infancy
mouth
-
Freud believed that sexual needs were quiet and that psychic energy was put into schoolwork and sports during the:
latency stage
-
What stage is industry versus inferiority
4
-
The behaviorist most associated with operant conditioning is
B. F. Skinner
-
In social learning theory, modeling is a process by which people
observe the actions of others and then copy them
-
Because of his hard work, Roman is a successful member of his high school debate team. He looks forward to his future success on the college debate team. This is an example of
self-efficacy
-
Piaget was primarily interested in
how children think
-
In which of Piaget's stages would one expect to see the development of an interest in ethics, politics, and social and moral issues?
formal operational
-
When new information is inconsistent with what we already know, we may change our thinking to incorporate the new information. This would be an example of
accommodation
-
According to sociocultural theory, human development is the result of an interaction between developing persons and their
surrounding society and culture
-
According to sociocultural theory, learning occurs after the mentor draws the learner into
the zone of proximal development
-
The zone of proximal development
describes what the learner could understand with guidance
-
Most developmentalists prefer an eclectic perspective so they can
selectively use all the theories
-
According to Freud, each stage of development in the first six years is characterized by
sexual pleasure
-
Marie smokes cigarettes and bites her nails. According to Freud, she is unconsciously stuck in which stage?
oral
-
According to Freud, ______ is the most important activity during the anal stage.
toilet training
-
John, 72, is trying to make sense out of his life. He feels great disappointment when he thinks about the goals that he never reached. His behavior falls into which of Erikson's stages?
integrity versus despair
-
The type of learning in which a reinforcer or punishment follows a particular behavior is called
operant conditioning
-
A feeling of self-confidence that an individual develops when he or she has high aspirations and notable achievements is
self-efficacy
-
Research involving monkeys and surrogate mothers was conducted by
Harry Harlow
-
What did Harlow's research reveal about infants' attachment to their mothers
They are based on comfort and touch
-
Who focused on how children think
Piaget
-
According to Piaget, which period of cognitive development is characterized by magical and egocentric thinking
preoperational
-
Which of the following is NOT one of Piaget's periods of cognitive development?
sensorimotor
postoperational
preoperational
formal operational
postoperational
-
Which theorist stressed the role of culture and society?
Lev Vygotsky
-
In sociocultural theory, the "zone" that includes all the skills, knowledge, and concepts that a person is close to acquiring but cannot yet master without help is
the zone of proximal development
-
A psychologist who uses an eclectic approach during therapy
uses several theoretical perspectives
-
are theories that comprehensive, enduring, and widely applied. They include: psychoanalytic theory, behaviorism (or learning theory), and cognitive theory. Despite their impressive insights, these theories no longer seem as comprehensive as they once did.
Grand theories
-
helps us to understand how intellectual processes and thinking affect actions. Behaviorism has shown the effect of the immediate environment on behavior. Psychoanalytic theory has made us aware of the importance of early childhood social and emotional experiences.
Cognitive theory
|
|
