a method of drawing curved arros to keep track of electron movement from nucleophile to electrophile (or within a molecule) during the course of a reaction
degenerate orbitals
orbitals with identical energies
delocalized charge
a charge which is spread out over two or more atoms
inductive effect
electron donation or withdrawal through the sigma bond of a molecule
nodal plane
a flat (planar) region of space with zero electron density
vitalism
the belief that syntheses of organic compounds require the presence of a "vital force"