A&P Midterm

Increase initial stimulus in body

Bodys ability to remain stable

feedback that causes the stimulus to decline or end

building blocks of matter- oxygen, carbon, hydrogen for example

isotopes with negative charge

smallest part of an element

particle consisting of two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond(H2)

isotope with negative charge

substance composed of two or more different elements(H2O)

number of protons and neutrons

# of protons in atom

average of mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element

atom with positive or negative charge

different number of neutrons. different atomic form of the same element

bond formed by complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atome to another

weak bond in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between two electron hungry atoms

a sugar alcohol, one of the building blocks of fats

building blocks of fats

modified triglyceride containing phosphorus

specific group of chemical substances including cerain hormones and cholesterol

building material of cells, nitrogenous substance

building block of protein

catalyst, made of protein

increases a chemical reaction

binds to an enzyme in a chemical reaction

modify molecules structure

what is made from chemical reaction

substance that interferes with chemical reaction

has hydrophobic and hydrophylic characteristics

made of deoxyribose, nucleic acid

Ribonucleic acid, nucleic acid

Energy used and made by cells in chemical reactions

spreading of gas across a permeable membrane

the contraction of a cell after exposure to a hypertonic solution, due to the loss of water through osmosis

process of cellular absorption

cell releases materials to the outside by discharging them as membrane-bounded vesicles passing through the cell membrane.

process by which cells internalize molecules or viruses

ribosomal RNA

process of cell division

with single set of chromosomes: having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

cell or organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes

found in cartilage, cells divide and actively secrete the ground substance

anatomical cavity, space, or depression....usually in a bone

major component of connective tissue, giving it strength and flexibility

stretchy fibers of body, made of elastin

fine collagen fibers that form the skeleton of soft organs, made of collage protein called reticulin

major cell type in cartilage ( cartilage cells)

spindle shaped cells that form collagenous and elastic fibers

active phagocytes derived from monocytes. move through loose C.T. and engulf foreign material and dead or dying cells

contain large secretory granules that contain Heparin(anti clotting agent and histamine) increases capillary permeability and causes inflammation

responsible for skin color, dark pigment synthesized by melanocytes

oil gland, secretes oil

produced by sebaceous glands

most abundant epidermal cells, provide physical and mechanical protection and produce antibodies, produce keratin

peglike projections from the papillary layer, they indent the epidermis aboveprovide nutrients and house pain and touch receptors

second primary region of the skin, composed of reticular and papillary layer

top layer of the skin, composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, four cell types- keratinocytes, merkel cells, langerhans, meloncytes

sweat glands in armpit and anogenital regions, their ducts empty into hair follicles

more abundant than apocrine glands, found in palms, soles, and forehead, ducts empty onto body surface, release 500ml of sweat a day

sweat glands

little depression or space, in bone or cartilage, occupied by cells

a fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its protective properties