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What are emergent properties?
Properties that can't be predicted to exist based only on knowledge of the system's individual components.
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What is tissue?
It is a collection of cells that carry out related functions.
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What is the Law of Mass Balance?
It states that if the amount of a substance in the body is to remain constant, any gain must be offset by an equal loss.
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What is the body's load of a certain substance?
It is the amount of that certain substance in the body.
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What is excretion?
It is the elimination of material from the body and is usually through urine, feces, lungs, or skin.
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What is a metabolite?
It is any product created in a metabolic pathway.
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What are the two primary organs that clear solvents from the body?
Kidney and Liver
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What is clearance?
The rate at which a substance disappears from the blood.
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What other places does clearance take place in besides the liver and kidney?
Saliva, sweat, breast milk, and hair
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What is local control?
When cells in the vicinity of the change initiate the response.
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What is reflex control?
When cells at a distant site from the change control the response.
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What is the pattern in reflex pathways?
Stimulus--> Sensor--> Input signal--> Integrating center--> Output signal--> Target--> Response
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What is negative feedback?
- When the response opposes or removes the signal.
- This type of feedback helps regulate a certain condition, or in other words, maintain homeostasis.
- They can restore the normal state but can't prevent the initial disturbance
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What is a positive feedback loop?
When the response reinforces the stimulus rather than decreasing or removing it.
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What is feed-forward control?
It is when there are anticipatory responses that predict when a change is going to occur (like when you salivate).
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What is acclimatization?
It is the natural adaptation of physiological processes to a given set of environmental conditions.
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What is acclimation?
It is the artificial adaptation of physiological processes to a given set of environmental conditions.
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