Key Associations

squamous cell carcinoma

Cushing's ulcer (increase ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Skip lesions (Crohn's disease: autoimmune)

Hypertension

Atherosclerosis

tertiary syphilis

Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Sickle cell anemia (HbS)

S. aureus

H. pylori

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. penumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)

Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion)

Supratentorial : mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforma) > meningioma > schwannoma

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

• 1. fibrocystic change
• 2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Fibradenoma

Klebsiella

Rhabdomyoma

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral)

• 1. metastasis
• 2. primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve")

Dilated cardiomyopathy (40% are familial)

arnold-chiari malformation (often causes hydrocephalus)

atrail fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

DES exposure in utero

21-hydroxylase deficiency

VSD

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

tuberculosis

LAD>RCA>LCA

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

• 1. corticosteroid therapy
• 2. excess ACTH secretion by pituitary

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

VSD, ASD, PDA

Blast crisis

Lupus nephropathy

• 1. alzheimer's disease
• 2. multiple infarcts

Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma

zenker's diverticulum (diagnosis by barium swallow)

aortic/pulmonic stenosis

squamous cell carcinoma

S. aureus

p53 tumor suppressor gene

Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)

mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)

• 1. enterobius vermicularis
• 2. ascaris lumbricoides

rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)

rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)

multiple blood transfusions ( can results in CHF and incrase risk of hepatocelullar carcinoma)

Cirrhotic liver (often associated with hepatitis B and C)

Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

• ankylosing spondylitis
• reiter's syndrome
• ulcerative colitis

Diabetes mellitus Type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)

renal disease

thyroidectomy

adenoma

hepatitis C

• 1. calcium = radiopaque
• 2. struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as
• 3. uric acid = radiolucent

Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA' results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Gaucher's disease

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)

Breast, lung, thyroid, tests, prostate, kidney

Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI

Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and ulung carcinomas

rheumatic heart disease

coxsackie B

• 1. ALL
• 2. cerebellar medulloblastoma

membranous glomerulonephritis

minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)

Mitral stenosis

Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)

Lung> breast, stomach

S. aureus

Salmonella

Pseudomonas

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

Serous cystadenoma

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

EtOH and gallstones

EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

• ALL: child
• CLL: adult > 60
• AML: adult > 60
• CML: adult 35-50

Young male (except nodular sclerosis type: female)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)

• Philadelphia chromosome, CML, bcr-abl
• (may someitmes be associated iwth ALL/AML)

• 1. prolactinoma
• 2. somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma

Klebsiella

Turner's syndrome (XO)

Multiple myeloma

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

• 1. adenomas
• 2. hyperplasia
• 3. carcinoma

hepatocellular carcinoma

COPD

Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndrome (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)

Cor pulmonale

increase ventricular filling (L-->R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

Hypocalcemia of chornic kidney disease

small cell carcinoma of the lung

sigmoid colon

• 1.regional lymph nodes
• 2. liver

abdominal aorta>coronary>popliteal>carotid

adenocarcinoma

zollinger-ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

burkitt's lymphoma

risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery

seminoma

papillary carcinoma

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)

hemangioma

pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

diffuse large cell

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

HSV

Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply)