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anticentromere antibodies
Scleroderma (CREST)
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Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage)
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antihistone antibodies
Drug-induced SLE
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anti-IgG antibodies
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
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antimitochonrial antibodies (AMAs)
biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Vasculitis (Wegener's, microscopic polyangiitis, glomerulonephritis)
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Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Antiplatelet antibodies
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) - bleeding diathesis
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Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
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Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies
Celiac disease (diarhea, distention, weight loss)
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Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia: especially the promylocytic type)
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"Bamboo spine" on xray
ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
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Basophilic stippling of RBCs
lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Bloddy tap on LP
subarachnoid hemorrhage
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"Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
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Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
Pancoast's tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cuase Horner's syndrome)
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"Brown" tumor of bone
- Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to:
- 1. Hyperparathyroidism
- 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease of bone)
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
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Colones of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
cystic fibrosis
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degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
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depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulos-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
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Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
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Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl eyes" appearance of CMV
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Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
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eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disase)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
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Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
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"Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
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hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occus with and without embryo)
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heart nodules (inflammatory)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
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heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (charcot-Leyden cyrstals: eosinophilic granules)
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High level of D-dimers
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
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"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray
Interstitial fibrosis
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Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12, folate deficiency)
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Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Lead poisoning
- Thalassemia (HBF sometimes present)
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increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
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increased uric acid levels
gout, lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
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intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
cowdry type A bodies (HSV or yellow fever)
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iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increase chance of mesothelioma)
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large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunocompromised
chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation)
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low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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"Lumpy-bumpy"appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
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Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
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Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Monoclonal antibody spike
- 1. multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)
- 2. monoclonal gammapathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
- 3. waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
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Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
- Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine])
- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
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Mucin-filled cell of peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
"string sign" Crohn's disease
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Nodular hylaine depositis in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules(diabetic nephropathy)
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"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
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"Onion-skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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Podocyte fusion on EM
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
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Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphsophorylation of protein tau
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's diases and CJD)
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Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
Glioblastoma multiforme
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RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
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Rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
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Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
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Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV)
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t[8:14]
Burkitt's lymphoma
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Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (pick's disease: progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's)
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small granulomatous lesions in lungs (can calcify)
Ghon focus (primarly TB)
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small, round RBC inclusions
Heinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, alpha-thalassemia, chronic liver disease)
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"Soap bubble" on xray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" endothelial deposits
membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
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stacks of red blood cells
rouleaux formation (high ESR: multiple myeloma)
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stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"clue cells" (gardnerella vaginalis)
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"tennis-racket" -shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
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Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
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"Thumb sign" of lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
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Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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"Tram-track" appearance on LM
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver diases (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)
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"Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM
Lupus nephropathy
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Yellow CSF
Xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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