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Hypertrophy of the circular smooth muscle of the pylorus causing narrowing and lengthening of the pyloric channel
- Pyloric Stenosis (Achalasia of the pylorus)
- Congenital anomaly
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What are the clinical features of pyloric stenosis
- Projectile vomiting
- progressive electrolyte and nutritional disturbances
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What are the symptoms of dyspepsia
- Epigastric burning
- abdominal bloating
- belching and flatulence
- nausea
- halitosis
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What are the three most common causes of dyspepsia?
- Functional dyspepsia (nonulcer) 60%
- Peptic ulcer disease 15 - 25%
- Gastroesophageal reflux 5 - 15%
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Gastroparesis
partial paralysis of stomach
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tiny collections of inflammatory cells in different parts of the body
Sarcoidosis
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gastritis that does not penetrate beyond the muscularis mucosa. may be caused by virus, bacteria, fungi, parasite
specific gastritis
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gastritis caused by helicobacter infection or autoimmune disease
nonerosive, nonspecific
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gastritis caused by drugs, trauma, physical agents, ischemia, stress
erosive, hemmorraghic, acute gastritis
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what are the five main sites for peptic ulcers to develope
- stomach (gastric ulcer)
- 1st part duodenum (duodenal ulcer)
- EsophagusÂ
- Jejunal (gastroenterostomy)
- Meckel's diverticulum
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glucagon stimulates acid producing cells
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
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what are the three common factors that induce peptic ulcers
- hyperacidity
- infection
- abnormal vagal impulses
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what type of ulcer is common in people with hyperacidity
duodenal
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what bacteria is always found in gastric ulcer formation
H. Pylori infection
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What are the commonest sites of peptic ulcer perforation
anterior wall of stomach and duodenum
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gradual contraction of the fibrous base of the ulcer causing pyloric stenosis with dilatation of the stomach or hour-glass stomach
Cicatricial contraction
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what is H2 blocker (ranitidine) used for
anti-secretory for gastric acid
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large soft fungating mass projects into lumen and is associated with ulceration, hemorrhage, and infections
Polypoid or fungating carcinoma
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linitis plastica
leather bottle stomach
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