PACOP3--Biochemistry.txt

What two enzymes are used to bypass the pyruvate kinase reaction of glycolysis

Which of the following includes the main goalsog pentose PO4 pathway?
1. Produce ribose-5-PO4 for nucleotide synthesis
2. Produce NADPH and NADP for oxidoreductive biochemical syntheses
3. To interconvert pentoses and hexoses

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the secondary structure of nucleic acids?
1. Guanine forms base pairs with cytosine via 2 H bonds
2. The B form of the DNA is the most common in biological systems
3. The breaking of H bonds caused by high temp is called melting

The phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 4,5 biPO4 forms the potent secondary messenger inositol triPO4 anddiacylglycerol via what enzyme?

Which of the following is not true regarding the fourenzyme complexes of the ETC?
1. Complex I is known as NADH-CoQ oxidoreductases
2. Complex II is known as succinate-CoQ oxidoreductases
3. Complex III is known as cytochrome oxidase
4. Complex IV is known as cytochrome oxidase

Glucose and mannose are epimers at

One important endogenous molecule for synthetic biotransformation of xenobiotics is glucoronic acid. It is actually the most dominant biotransformation pathwaydue to the readily available source of glucose. It is produced from glucose via oxidation at C

Which of the following is not true about protein structure determination?
1. NMR is the primary means of determining protein structure
2. Proteins are difficult to crystallize, a disadvantage of xray crystallography
3. An advantage to the use of NMR is that proteins analyzed are in their natural state
4. Large and very complex proteins can only be analyzed by xray crystallography

Tertiary structures of proteins are primarily stabilized by

In an uncompetitive inhibition of enzymatic action
1. Inhibitor binds to either the free enzyme or enzyme-substrate complex
2. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the enzyme alone (control) and the enzyme + inhibitor are parallel to each other
3. The apparent Km is raised
4. Vmax is unaffected

Which biomolecule is not considered a biopolymer?

It is regarded as the universal biological energy currency.

This complex is the final e- receptor of the ETC.

The most accepted hypothesis regarding oxidative phosphorylation is

This is a quantitative study of energy transformations in the living cell

Which hormone promotes rapid glycogenolysis in both liver and muscle?

Which vitamin can be used in the management of hyperlipidemia?

Bond between 2 amino acids

Beta oxidation of fatty acids occurs in the

The pentose phosphate pathway occur in the ______ of liver, muscle, and kidney..

The isoelectric point is the

This is the only optically inactive amino acid

This level of protein structure is applicable only to those that have several subunits.

Arginine is the only metabolite of the urea cycle that does not accumulate because
1. It is readily excreted
2. It is used up by the body for protein synthesis
3. There is no known deficiency in the enzyme that catabolizes it
4. It can be acquired from food

This is the genetic condition characterized by deficiency of the enzyme branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase

These are compounds related to cerebrosides that contain spingosine, long-chain fatty acids, hexoses (usually GAL or GLU), and neuramic acid.

This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of F6P to F1,6BP.

What is transamination

The sugar involved in DNA

This is the reason why blood type AB is considered as the universal recipient.

Which one is true regarding the structures of lipids?
1. Eicosapentanoic acid is a saturated fatty acid
2. They may exist as esters of cholesterol when they are enclosed in very low density lipoprotein
3. Linoleic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid
4. Capric acid contains 12C

This is the product of basic hydrolysis of fats and oils

The group of lipids considered amphipathic

Which properly describes a liposome
1. It is a hollow sphere-like structure composed of a lipid bilayer enclosing an aqueous cavity
2. It is a lipid structure wherein the hydrophobic chains of fatty acids are sequestered at the core of the sphere with virtuall no water in the hydrophobic interior
3. It is a lipoprotein integrated in the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes
4. It is a hollow sphere-like structure composed of a lipid monolayer enclosing a hydrophobic cavity

It is the building block of essential fatty acids

The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the

Cellular elements of the blood devoid of a nucleus

Conjugated proteins which are a combination of amino acids and carbohydrates.

Glucose is normally absent in the urine because kidneys normally completely reabsorb all glucose. Which of the following is true?
1. Glucosuria confirms DM
2. Glucosuria necessarily means hyperglycemia
3. Glucosuria is solely attributed to insulin problem
4. Glucosuria may occur in other disease states

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which can cause acute confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia, can be treated with which vitamin?

This is the major excretory product of purine nucleotides

It is the phenomena of renaturation of nucleic acid after it has been subjected to high then to room temperature.

This is the base sequence for the start codon

This feature of bacterial cells confers selectivity of antibacterial agents targeting protein synthesis to the bacteria and not to the host cell.

This is also known as RNA-directed DNA polymerase

What essential amino acid is used in the synthesis of niacin?

The cellular particles are often referred by their sedimentation coefficient value. For example, 70s ribosomes that are expressed in terms of 10^-13 seconds. The abbreviation "s" stands for

The best known building blocks of RNA and DNA are

The following are pathological constituents of urine except
1. Glucose
2. Albumin
3. Creatinine
4. Blood

Glucose and galactose differ only in the configuration of their hydroxyl group at carbon 4. Glucose and galactose are

This chemical representation shows the most stable conformation of hexoaldopyranoses.

It is the most abundant hexose inside the body.

Upon hydrolysis sucrose yields

This is the process of biosynthesis of glucose from non-carbohydate precursors

Which is most likely the effect of insulin in glucose metabolism?
1. It promotes lipolysis in adipose tissue
2. It promotes exocytosis of glucose transporters in the skeletal muscles
3. Activates protein kinase A which eventually leads to inactivation of pyruvate kinase
4. It promotes the hormonal role of glucagon in glucose metabolism

The activation of pepsinogen requires

Glucose, fructose, and galactose all have the same chemical formula, C6H12O6. Through this information, we can conclude that these substances are

The end product of the hydrolysis of glycogen is

Ketoses can be differentiated from aldose by this test

Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The difference between intake and output of nitrogenous compounds is known as nitrogen balance
2. In a healthy adult, nitrogen balance is in equilibrium when intake equals output
3. Positive nitrogen balance occurs when dietary intake is less than excretion of nitrogenous compounds
4. Negative nitrogen balance results when there is too much protein intake

The formation of a purple ring at the junction of the acid and sugar layers in the Molisch test detects the presence of

The observance of a red colored solution in Seliwanoff's test detects the presence of ______

This test distinguishes between reducing sugar monosaccharides and reducing disaccharides based on the difference in the rate of reaction.

In xanthoproteic test, proteins with aromatic amino acids undergo _____ to give an intense yellow colored solution in alkaline media

Biuret test forms _______ colored complex with cupric ion in basic solutions of compounds with 2 or more peptide bonds

When starches are heated, they produce

The principal end product of protein metabolism

Myoglobiin and hemoglobin possess a cyclic tetrapyrole, heme, as a prosthetic group. Which of the following ions is found centrally located in the heme?

The following are components of DNA nucleosides except
1. Phosphoric acid
2. Sugar
3. Adenine
4. Cytosine

The enzyme decarboxylase is an example of _______ enzyme.

The spontaneous isomerization of two stereoisomers in aqueous solution that causes specific rotation is known as

Which of the following is a polysaccharide
1. Dextrose
2. Dextran
3. Lactose
4. Sucrose

The substance that is isolated from the brain and produces fatty acid, galactose, and sphingosine upon hydrolysis is known as

Which of the following is not a hydrolyzed product of lecithins?
1. Fatty acid
2. Glycerol
3. Phosphoric acid
4. Sphingosine

Albumin is an example of a
1. Simple protein
2. Conjugated protein
3. Derived protein
4. Hydrolyzed protein

This is the product of the complete reduction of oxygen

Which is not a B-complex vitamin?
1. Folic acid
2. Nicotinic acid
3. Riboflavin
4. Ascorbic acid

Rotation of polarized light is caused by solution of all of the amino acids except

What test can be used to differentiate galactose from lactose?

Alpha-naphthol reaction is also known as

Which of the following is not about PKU?
1. It is a dse usually characterized by metal abnormalities
2. A high concentration of phenylpyruvic acid is found in urine
3. It occurs due to excessive secretion of phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme
4. A Guthrie test is normally used to detect it

Sweet taste of a compound is generally attributed to
1. Presence of H ions
2. Presence of OH ions
3. Presence of cations and anions
4. Presence of alkaloids

The rate of hydrolysis depends on
1. Pressure
2. pH of the solution
3. Temperature

Which of the following is not recommended to treat hypoglycemia induced by acarbose?
1. Dextrose
2. Table sugar
3. Glucagon
4. Glucose

Which of the following is normally not found in bacterial but present in human cells?

This term refers to intact enzyme with a bound cofactor

The colorof the skin, hair, eyes is due to a pigment called

Serotonin is synthesized from this amino acid

Keratin in hair and horny tissue, elastin in tendons and arteries, and collagen in skin and tendons belong to what type of simple proteins?

Nucleosides upon hydrolysis will yield
1. Adenine and PO4
2. Quinine and PO4
3. Histones and ribose
4. Cytosine and ribose

Which of the following is/are true about lysozyme?
1. It is generally known as the powerhouse of the cell
2. It helps in the removal of damaged cell
3. It contains a bactericidal agent such as lysozyme that kills bacteria before it damages the cell

What is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of RBC?

What helps in the absorption of vitamin B12?

Which of the following factors affects the solubility of solutes?
1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Common ion effects

Which of the following factors affect the protein binding drugs?
1. Pregnancy
2. Hypoalbuminemia
3. Uremia

Some serum enzymes are used in clinical diagnosis. Which of the following enzyme/s may be used to diagnose myocardial infarction?
1. Gamma-glutaryl transpeptidase
2. AST/SGOT
3. Creatinine phosphokinase
4. Lactate dehydrogenase

Which test is specific for amino acids and free amino group?

The following sugars are aldohexoses except
1. Fructose
2. Galactose
3. Glucose
4. Mannose

Arrange the secondary derived proteins from highest to lowest MW

Is the sum total of all activities directed towards the maintenance of life.

In protein, amino acids are joined covalently by

The denaturation of protein can occur in the presence of
1. Heat
2. Strong acid
3. Organic solvent

Which of the following about sickle cell anemia is not true?
1. It is a genetic disorder resulting from the production of variant hemoglobin
2. It is characterized with pain, life-long hemolytic anemia, and tissue hypoxia
3. The replacement of leucine at the 6th position of the beta-globulin chain for glutamate is generally responsible for causing it
4. The form Hbs has an extremely low solubility compared to Hba which results into the aggregation of molecules that form or create sickle shaped RBC

The enzyme with its cofactor is generally known as

The process in which the release of energy from energy-rich molecules such as glucose and fatty acid that occurs in mitochondria is known as

Hopkins-Cole is used to identify which of the following amino acids?
1. Threonine
2. Tryptophan
3. Lysine
4. Leucine

______ are stereoisomers if cyclized monosaccharide molecules differing only in the configuration of the substituents on the carbonyl carbon

Protein digestion starts in the

The sugar that yields only glucose when hydrolyzed is
1. Galactose
2. Maltose
3. Fructose
4. Sucrose

What is the visible result for Molisch test?

The breakdown of complex molecules such as protein, lipid, and polysaccharide into simple molecules such as carbon dioxide, water, and ammmonia is known as

What would be the end product of glycolysis in the cell with mitochondria

Which of the following substance levels is found to be deficient in a patient with G6PD deficiency?
1. Alpha-antitrypsin in reduced form
2. Bradykinin in reduced form
3. Glutathione in reduced form
4. Trypsin in elevated form

Which of the following causes hemolytic anemia in patients withe G6PD deficiency?
1. Oxidant drug
2. Ingestion of fava beans
3. Certain types of infections

Which of the following should be classified as a disaccharide?
1. Ribose
2. Lactose
3. Glycoprotein
4. Glycosaminoglycans

Which of the following accurately describes Barfoed's test?
1. General test for carbohydrates
2. Test for ketoses
3. Specific test for galactose
4. Test to differentiate mono and disaccharides

Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Although cocoa butter is a vegetable oil, it is solid at room temperature
2. Although cocoa butter is an animal fat, it is liquid at room temperature
3. Although cod liver is animal fat, it is liquid at room temperature
4. Although cod liver is vegetable oil, it is solid at room temperature

This gives a negative result to Benedict's test

The number of chromosomes in the human cells is

A condition known as atherosclerosis results as an accumulation in the blood vessels of

The pairs of structure that are mirrow images of each other are known as

In humans, the principal storage of glycogen is found in the
1. Skeletal muscle
2. Liver
3. Spleen

Which of the following substances should be classified as a polysaccharide?
1. Glucose
2. Hyaluronic acid
3. Sucrose
4. Glycoprotein

Which of the following agents acts as an emulsifying agent for metabolism of lipid in the duodenum?

Which is the building block of memebrane of nerve tissue?

The enzyme alpha-amylase cleaves ______ to maltose and maltotriose

Glycogen is an example of a

This is also known as protein-calorie malnutrition. It is a state resulting from the chronic deficiency of calories, which can occur even in the presence of adequate intake of protein.

Rotation of polarized light is caused by solutions of all amino acids except

Butter becomes rancid upon exposure to air due to formation of

Which of the following is considered protein deficient malnutrition?
1. Kwashiorkor
2. Marasmus
3. Steatorrhea

Which of the following is a good source of vitamin K?
1. Cabbage and cauliflower
2. Fatty fish and liver
3. Vegetable oils
4. Yellow and green vegetables and fruits

Which of the following codons is generally known as stop/nonsense codons?
1. UAG
2. UGA
3. UAA

To find out if a substance is carcinogenic, which of the following tests should be performed?
1. Ames test
2. Pyrogen test
3. Biopsy of cells

The synthesis of proteins and lipid in cells is generally carried out by

Denaturation is a randomization of the conformation of a polypeptde chain. Chemical agents like strong acids/bases, heat, ionic detergents, etc. Are involved in this process. Which of the following structures remain unaffected with denaturation?
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary

Which of the following statements about amino acids is true?
1. Acidic amino acids bear a positive charge at pH7
2. All amino acids have chiral carbon
3. Lysine and arginine are basic amino acids
4. AOTA

Which is a codon for methionine?

Which of the following amino acids is not essential in mammals?
1. Phenylalanine
2. Lysine
3. Tyrosine
4. Methionine

The chief end product of purine metabolism
in man

The growth of bacteria remains constant in which phase?

When the transfer of genetic information from one cell to another cell is carried out by the plasmid, it is known as

Which of the following are essential fatty acids in humans?
1. Linoleic acid
2. Linolenic acid
3. Arachidonic acid

The principal energy-carrying molecule in a cell is

Which of the following enzymes is a rate-limiting step in glycogenolysis?
1. G6P
2. CAMP-dependent protein kinase
3. Glycogen synthase
4. Glycogen phosphorylase

Whichh of the following nitrogenous bases is only present in DNA?

Which of the following ions is cotransported with glucose in the small intestine?
1. K
2. Na
3. Ca
4. Mg

Maltose, a disaccharide, is composed of

Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the

IUPAC name of acrolein

Which of the major serum proteins is involved in protein binding of drugs?

Which of the following is a good source of vitamin A?
1. Cod liver oil
2. Carrots
3. Citrus fruits
4. Leafy vegetables

The secondary structure of protein consists of
1. Alpha helix
2. Beta sheet
3. Beta bend

The small and circular extrachromosomal DNA molecules that carry genetic information for future generations in bacteria are known as

Which of the following RNA types comprises 80% of RNA in the cell?
1. rRNA
2. tRNA
3. mRNA

A reddish solution results after the addition of iodine TS to an unknown solution. Subsequent addition of ammoniacal basic lead acetate to a portion of the unknown solution results to the formation of a precipitate. The results of the tests confirm the presence of

D-threose and L-threose are examples of

This test is used to confirmthe presence of the phenolic ring of tyrosine

The energy-producing reaction

Which of the hydrolysis product of starch is responsible for forming a dark blue complex with iodine?

This is the main pathway for carbohydrate catabolism in all human tissues.

These are esters of fatty acids and glycerol

The enzymes for glycolysis are found in the

What is the positive result for Fehling's test?

The cell markers which serve as basis for the ABO blood types are calssified as what type of biopolymers?

Detects the presence of alpha amino acids

None-protein molecules that are often assocaited with proteins are called

These stereoisomers are nonsuperimposable images of each other. They are also called optical isomers because they rotate optical isomers because they rotate polarized light in opposite directions

The absence of this enzymes results to phenylketonuria

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are collectively called catecholamines. Which amino acid serves as a precursor in the synthesis of these catecholamines?

This refers to the spatial arrangements of amino acid residues close to one another in the linear sequence of a polypeptide chain

Which of the following is/are point mutations?
1. Insertion
2. Deletion
3. Transition

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double stranded polynucleotid. The base content of DNA displays three sets of equivalent pairs. Which of the following are equivalent base pairs?
1. A=T
2. C=G
3. A+G=T+C
4. A+G is not always equal to T+C

Which acrbon in the sugars is responsible for the difference between the two nucleic acids

The normal pH of blood.

Fruity odor of urine is indicative of acetone bodies, a diagnostic value in case of acidosis in

These are discontinuous stretches in which the lagging strand is initially synthesized during DNA replication

This DNA mutation occurs when a purine replaces a pyrimidine or vice versa

A purine replaces another purine in _______ mutations.

This substance accumulates in the muscles as a result of vigorous exercise

This test ist also known as a glyoxylic acid reaction

This is caused by the inadequate intake of protein in the presence of adequate intake of calories.

This hormone may sometimes be useful in the reversal of cardiac effects of beta blocker overdose because of its ability to increase cAMP production in the heart

The cholesterol molecule is a

The proteinase that is found mostly in gastric acid juice of young animals

The nonsugar portion of glycosides is known as
1. Aglycone
2. Genin
3. Glycone
4. 1 and 2
5. 2 and 3

Humans catabolize purines to _____

Principal digestive constituent of the gastric juice

This is a rare human disorder, which progresses to photosensitivity, caused by an inherited exinuclease deficiency

The reagent in Molisch test which is responsible for hte dehydration reaction

Genetic information is stored and carried in all cells by

This is a general test for carbohydrates
1. Alpha-naphthol reaction
2. Molisch test
3. Phenylhydrazine reaction
4. 1 and 2
5. 2 and 3

Lecithin is an example of

These are esters of high MW, monohydric alcohols and high MW fatty acids

Glutamine is a _____ amino acid

In all phosphorylation reactions, this metal is an essential cofactor

The glycosidic bond form in glycosides is an example of

Actinomycin D, an antineoplastic drug, intercalates between two GC pairs in DNA. Which process does it inhibit.

This is the main pathway for carbohydrate catabolism in all human tissues.

Lard is an example of what chemical class of lipid?

These are alcohols containing the CPPP nucleus

What is wobble?

These are organelles that ocntain the enzymes for pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, beta oxidation of fatty acids, oxidative phosphorylation, and ETC.

Which of the following sugars forms an insoluble white phenylhydrazone readily?
1. Sucrose
2. Galactose
3. Arabinose
4. Mannose

Which of the following is an example of wax?
1. Cholesterol
2. Ergosterol
3. Spermaceti
4. Lecithin

Viruses are not cellular, but are rather termed as "biological entities". The main reason why viruses are considered acellular entities is because
1. A virus contains only one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA
2. A virus is very small compared to bacteria
3. A virus is pathogenic
4. Scientists cannot classify viruses under the 5 kingdoms of Whittaker

Which of the following statements is/are true?
1. Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fatty acids
2. Vegetable oils are generally liquid
3. Vegetable oils are generally soil

What is the positive visible result for Liebermann-Burchard test?

After digestion and absorption, all biopolymers are converted to the common product _____

The total net ATP prduced in aerobic glycolysis is _____ ATPs per mole hexose, depending on which shuttle predominates in the transport NAD/NADH

The signs of pellagra include dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and loss of tongue papillae. Which of the following is/are deficient in pellagra?
1. Niacin
2. Tryptophan
3. 1 and 2
4. Pellagra is not a deficiency state. It is an autoimmune disorder

Fibrous and globular proteins belong to what protein structure?

The isoelectric pH is the pH midway between pK values on either side of the isoelectric process. What is the equation that gives an accurate estimate of isoelectric pH?

Each end of the DNA double helix contains the 5' end of one strand and the 3' end of the other--this statement describes what characteristic of the DNA structure?

The arrangement of polypeptide chains in relation to one another in a multi-chained protein refers to what structure?

Which of the following statements beloe gives an accurate description of collagen?
1. It is a fibrous protein
2. The basic unit of collagen is tropocollagen, a triple helix of three polypeptide chain
3. Vitamin A is important in catalyzing the hydroxylation of proline
4. AOTA
5. 1 and 2

Random coils and triple helices are examples of what protein structure?

How many hydrogen bonds are formed between cytosine and guanine?

The DNA structure is a double helix containing chains which are complementary. Which of the following statements best describes complementarity?
1. In the chains, each end of the helix contains the 5' end of one strand and the 3' end of the other
2. Adenine binds to thymine, and cytosine binds to guanine
3. Several codons may code for the same amino acid
4. AOTA

Which of hte following amino acids possess a phenolic hydroxyl group?
1. Serine
2. Threonine
3. Tyrosine
4. 1 and 2
5. AOTA

Certain metals and trace elements are important as enzyme cofactors. What metal si present in the enzyme glutathion peroxidase that replaces S in one cysteine in active site?

This immunoglobulin is responsible for mediating hypersensitivity by causing hte release of mediators from amst cells and basophils upon exposure to antigens or allergens.

The OH groups on the penultimate or second to the last carbon atom defines
1. D or L, dextro point to the right and levo pointing to the left
2. d or l, regarding optical activity
3. Both statements are correct
4. Both statements are incorrect

Which of the following is/are examples of catabolism?
1. Glycogenesis
2. Glycolysis
3. Beta oxidation of fatty acids
4. 1 and 2
5. 2 and 3

How many ATPs are produced in the conversion of one mole of FADH2 to FAD?

How many ATPs are produced in the reduction of one mole of NAD to NADH?

How many ATPs are produced for every oxidized acteyl CoA?

The site of citric acid cycle

Trimethoprim and methotrexate are folate reductase inhibitors. The use of the aforementioned drugs predisposes a person to develop

One way of classifying proteins is through their physical properties. Which of the following is soluble in water and salt solutions, and has no distinctive amino acids?
1. Prolamine
2. Globulin
3. Albumin
4. Histones

Using the equation of pI, calculate pI of alanine; pK1=2.35, pK2=9.69

This type ofm utation occurs when the codon containing the changed base may become a termination codon

The result of a point mutation that occurs when UCA (serine) is converted to UCU (serine) is called

Which fibrous protein is an important structural component of arterial blood vessels and ligamins?

Which of the following are purine bases?
1. A, T
2. A, G
3. C, T
4. C, U

Which of the following amino contain/s basic side chains?
1. Histidine
2. Arginine
3. Leucine
4. AOTA
5. 1 and 2

Which of the following amino acids has an imino group?
1. Phenylalanine
2. Proline
3. Tyrosine
4. Threonine

The overall arrangement and interrelationships of various regions or domains and individual amino acid residues of a single polypeptide chain is _____

Alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheets belong to what structure?

Which of the following is/are examples of essential amino acids?
1. Tyrosine
2. Threonine
3. Tryptophan
4. 1 and 2
5. 2 and 3

Which of the following is the central hub in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids?

Which is the visible result for aminoguanidine reaction?

Ascorbic acid, glucuronides, and some drugs act as reducing agents. How would these substances affect Benedict's test result?

Which of the following statements is/are true?
1. The carbonyl carbon in aldoses is C1
2. The carbonyl carbon in aldoses is C2
3. Both statements are correct
3. Both statements are false

Histamine, a chemical messenger, mediates alelrgic and infalmamtory reactions, gastric acid secretion, and neurotransmission of hte brain. Which of the amino acids, which when decarboxylated, yields histamine?

Which metal acts synergistically with vitamin E?

Among the fibrous proteins listed below, which are the major proteins of the skin and hair?
1. Keratin
2. Collagen
3. Elastin
4. Fibronectin

The coenzyme FMN and FAD is responsible for the oxidative deamination of amino acids. Which vitamin is related to these coenzymes?

These are slightly longer, catalytically inactive forms of enzymes.

Ninhydrin is widely used for detecting amino acids. What is the visible result for ninhydrin test in the presence of proline and hydroxyproline?

Xanthoproteic test is for

What is the positive visible result for xanthoproteic test?

Pauly diazo test indicates the presence of
1. Histidine
2. Tyrosine
3. Tryptophan
4. 1 and 2

Specific test for arginine

This test is used to identifiy the presence of peptide linkages

Process of converting liver glycogen into blood glucose

The clinical test for the determination of cholesterol
1. Liebermann-Burchard
2. Salkowski
3. 1 and 2
4. NOTA

What diet would you advice the child's mother with PKU to give her baby?

What improtant neurotransmitter uses tryptophan as its precursor?

Which branched-chain amino acids are responsible of the characteristic "sweet smell" of urine of patients with maple syrup urine disease?

This results from the oxidation of heme protein in hemoglobin resulting ot icnreased oxygen affinity, and therefore failure to adequately deliver oxygen to tissues.

Which of the following enzymes adds an inorganic phosphate to break a bond?
1. Kinase
2. Phosphorylase
3. Phosphatase
4. Ligase

What is the deficiency state of folic acid?

Cheilosis, glossitis, seborrhea, and photophobia are manifestation of what deficiency state?

This immunoglobulin prevents the attachment of bacteria and viruses to mucous membranes. It is found in body secretions such as tears, colostrum, saliva, sweat, and small intestines.

Pepsinogen is an example of

This enzyme adds hydrogen atoms to a molecule

Which of the following enzymes is an example of a hydrolase?
1. Esterase
2. Racemase
3. Aminotransferase
4. Decarboxylase

This teype of enzymes cleaves a carbon to carbon bond to create an aldehyde group.

Mutarotation is a process of interconversion between the alpha and beta forms, using the open-chain structure as an intermediate. Which of the following undergoes mutarotation?
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides
4. Amino acids

Which of the following presents a cyclic sugar structure?
1. Fischer projection
2. Haworth projection
3. Chair conformationn
4. Boat conformation

The deficiency of which of the following enzymes predisposes person taking some therapeutic agents (i.e 4-aminoquinoline, sulfonamides, and propantheline) to hemolytic anemia?
1. G1P
2. G6P
3. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
4. Thymidylate synthase

What type of glycosidic bond joins the dimer of glucose to form maltose?

Which of the blood types is considered the universal donor?

Which of the following is/are examples of glycosaminoglycans?
1. Hyaluronic acid
2. Mucopolysaccharides
3. Chondroitin sulfate
4. AOTA
5. 1 and 3

This is a differentiation test for aldose and ketose sugars.

This is known as the Embden-Meyerhoff Pathway

Which of enzyme is responsible for catalyzing hte reaciton of glucose to G6P?

Which enzyme is the most imporant in controlling glycolysis

Among the different cells in the body, only these lack mitochondria which renders them incapable of TCA.

This refers to aldose-ketose interconversion.

The citric acid cycle is an example of a/an ______ metabolism

These are esters of glycerol in combination with fatty acid, phosphoric acid, and certain nitrogenous compounds.

Which of the following statements is true when fats and fixedo ils are heated strongly?
1. Fats liquefy
2. Oils become less viscous
3. Decomposition occurs accompanied by the production of acrid flammable odors
4. Any of the above

These are lipids that contain carbohydrate (usually galactose or glucose), one fatty acid, and sphingosine, but not phosphoric acid or glycerol.

Gangliosides, cerebrosides, and cytolipins are collectively called _____

This is the deposition of liquid plaques on the lining of the arteries.

The state of high serum levels of acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid is called

The following are glycolipids except
1. Globosides
2. Phosphatides
3. Gangliosides
4. Cerebrosides

The parent compound of phospholipids.

ID test to detect the presence of glycogens

The only sugar that readily forms insoluble osazone crystals.

Important structural material found in teh exoskeletons of many lower animals.

General term for a group of polysaccharides present on the primary cell wall

Specific test for galactose, due to the formation of highly insoluble crystals.

Type of RNA which serves as template for the amino acid sequence being synthesized

The steps of central dogma states

Reverse transcription takes place in

The following are enzymes found in pancreatic juice, except
1. Papain
2. Trypsin
3. Chymotrypsin
4. Carboxypolypeptidase

All of the following cabrohydrates are ocnsidered to be polysaccharides except
1. Heparin
2. Starch
3. Glycogen
4. Maltose