Chapter 1

Study of structure

Study of Function

By being aware of variations we can see what is normal vs abnormal.

Smallest particle of with unique chemical identities

particle composed of at least two atoms

• Large molecules composed of many atoms
• -fat, protein

microscopic structure that carries out individual funcitons within a cell.

smallest unit of an organism that carries out all of the basic functions of life

Mass of similar cells and cell products that forms a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function

4; Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscular

Structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function

• Group of organs with a particular function
• 11 organ systems

Single complex individual

Taking the body and breaking it down into small parts in order to better understand each of the complex systems and parts

Body's way of maintaining order, if system breaks down disease or death will occur.  

when cells are compartmentalized into on or more cells

When molecules from the environment are chemically changed into molecules that form their own structure and control their own physiology/ provide energy

metabolic synthesized/ built up

What is metabolic break down

What is it called when a cell goes through metabolism waste is produced and must be removed?

The body's ability to detect change, react, and oppose it, thereby maintaining a stable environment.

• two types of ------?
• differentiation: cells are not specialized yet
• growth: increasing in size/ number

cellular reproduction is a important because it carries on dna and genetic information and is necessary for a species to------?

genetics change and develope over time

a population must evolve, not one individual

No two bodies are exactly alike

age, sex, physical activity, environmental

It is important to look at ----- and -----differences in order to provide the right medications, understand if a diagnosis is correct.

skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands

protection, water retention, thermogregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensations, nonverbal communication

bones, cartilages, ligaments

support, movement, protective enclosure of viscera, blood formation, mineral storage, electrolyte and acid base balance

skeletal muscles

movement, stability, communications, control of body openings, heat production

lymph nodes, lympatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils,

recovery of excess tissue fluid, detectino of pathogens, production of immune cells, defence against disease

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

absoption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid base balance, speech

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

elimination of wastes regulation of blood volume and pressure stimulation of red blood cell formation, control of fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance, detoxification

brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia

rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation

pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancrease, testes, ovaries

hormone production, internal chemical communicaiton and coordination

heart, blood vessels

Distribution of nutritients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, and antibodies, fluid, electrolytes, and acid base balance

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancrease

nutrient breakdown and absoption.  Liver functions include metabolism of carbodyrates, lipids, protiens, vitamins, and minerals; synthesis of plasma protiens; disposal of drugs, toxins, and hormones; and cleansing of blood.

testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis

production and delivery of sperm and secretion of sex hormones

ovaries, uterine tuves, uerus, vagina, mammary glands

production of eggs; site of fertilization and fetal development, fetal nourishment; birth; lactation; secretion of sex hormones

when the body detects change and activates mechanisms to negate the change

a mix between positive and negative to create a balanced change

When the change is enhanced or intensified

oxytocin released during pregnancy to increase a contraction

senses change in the body

processes the informaiton received by the receptors and mixes it with available information to develope a response

Cell organ that carries out the final response