-
D: Anatomy
Study of structure
-
D: Physiology
Study of Function
-
State: whether it is important to be aware of anatomical and phsiological variations in humans
By being aware of variations we can see what is normal vs abnormal.
-
Atom
Smallest particle of with unique chemical identities
-
molecule
particle composed of at least two atoms
-
macromolecule
- Large molecules composed of many atoms
- -fat, protein
-
organelles
microscopic structure that carries out individual funcitons within a cell.
-
Cell
smallest unit of an organism that carries out all of the basic functions of life
-
Tissue
Mass of similar cells and cell products that forms a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function
-
How many types of tissues are there? What are they?
4; Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscular
-
Organ
Structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function
-
Organ system, how many systems are there?
- Group of organs with a particular function
- 11 organ systems
-
Organism
Single complex individual
-
Reductionism
Taking the body and breaking it down into small parts in order to better understand each of the complex systems and parts
-
Discuss: Biology criteria for life
Organization, why is it important?
Body's way of maintaining order, if system breaks down disease or death will occur.
-
How is the biological criteria for life:
cellular composition important?
when cells are compartmentalized into on or more cells
-
What is metabolism?
When molecules from the environment are chemically changed into molecules that form their own structure and control their own physiology/ provide energy
-
anabolism
metabolic synthesized/ built up
-
catabolism
What is metabolic break down
-
What is excretion?
What is it called when a cell goes through metabolism waste is produced and must be removed?
-
Homeostasis
The body's ability to detect change, react, and oppose it, thereby maintaining a stable environment.
-
What are the two states of development
- two types of ------?
- differentiation: cells are not specialized yet
- growth: increasing in size/ number
-
A biological neccesity of cellular survival...
cellular reproduction is a important because it carries on dna and genetic information and is necessary for a species to------?
-
evolution
genetics change and develope over time
a population must evolve, not one individual
-
Clinical Variation of a body
No two bodies are exactly alike
-
Physiological Variations
age, sex, physical activity, environmental
-
why is it important to look at clinical vs physiological differences?
It is important to look at ----- and -----differences in order to provide the right medications, understand if a diagnosis is correct.
-
Integumentary System organs
skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands
-
integumentary system functions
protection, water retention, thermogregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensations, nonverbal communication
-
Skeletal system organs
bones, cartilages, ligaments
-
Skeletal system functions
support, movement, protective enclosure of viscera, blood formation, mineral storage, electrolyte and acid base balance
-
Muscular System Organs
skeletal muscles
-
Muscular system function
movement, stability, communications, control of body openings, heat production
-
Lymphatic system organs
lymph nodes, lympatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils,
-
Lymphatic system Functions
recovery of excess tissue fluid, detectino of pathogens, production of immune cells, defence against disease
-
respritory system organs
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
-
respritory system functions
absoption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid base balance, speech
-
urinary system organs
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
-
urinary system functions
elimination of wastes regulation of blood volume and pressure stimulation of red blood cell formation, control of fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance, detoxification
-
Nervous system organs
brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia
-
Nervous system function
rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation
-
Endocrine system organs
pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancrease, testes, ovaries
-
endocrine system function
hormone production, internal chemical communicaiton and coordination
-
Circulatory system organs
heart, blood vessels
-
Circulatory System Function
Distribution of nutritients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, and antibodies, fluid, electrolytes, and acid base balance
-
digestive system organs
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancrease
-
Digestive system function
nutrient breakdown and absoption. Liver functions include metabolism of carbodyrates, lipids, protiens, vitamins, and minerals; synthesis of plasma protiens; disposal of drugs, toxins, and hormones; and cleansing of blood.
-
male reproductive system organs
testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis
-
male reproductive system function
production and delivery of sperm and secretion of sex hormones
-
female reproductive system organs
ovaries, uterine tuves, uerus, vagina, mammary glands
-
female reproductive system function
production of eggs; site of fertilization and fetal development, fetal nourishment; birth; lactation; secretion of sex hormones
-
negative feedback
when the body detects change and activates mechanisms to negate the change
-
dynamic feedback
a mix between positive and negative to create a balanced change
-
positive feedback
example
When the change is enhanced or intensified
oxytocin released during pregnancy to increase a contraction
-
receptors
senses change in the body
-
integration center
processes the informaiton received by the receptors and mixes it with available information to develope a response
-
Effector
Cell organ that carries out the final response
|
|