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What is the only diuretic that increases Ca absorption from the nephron?
Thiazide diuretics
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What is the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that causes hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis NH3 toxicity and sulfa allergies?
Acetazolamide
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Mycolic acid synthesis inhibition is a function of which Anti-TB drug?
Isonazid
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Optic neuropathy is a important side effect of?
Ethambutol
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Ethambutol exerts its antimycobacterial effect by inhibiting?
- Carbohydrate polymerization.
- It inhibits arabinosyl transferase, an enzyme that polymerizes arabinose into arabinan and then arabinogalactan.
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Hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy are important adverse reactions for this Anti-TB drug:
Isonazid
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In children, this drug is associated with inflammation of the Achilles tendon and tendon rupture:
Ciprofloxacin
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This antibiotic in the fluoroquinolone family is associated with hypoglycemia:
Gatifloxacin
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Ebstein's anomaly in infants in utero is characterized by:
- apical displacement of the tricuspid valve leaftlets
- increased volume of the right ventricle
- atrialization of the right ventricle
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Ebstein's anomaly is associated with which drug?
Lithium - bipolar disorder
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Fetal macrosomia, caudal regression syndrome, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are all found in infants whose mother had:
Gestational diabetes
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Withdrawal symptoms (irritability, diarrhea, vomiting) in the infant upon delivery are signs of:
Narcotic abuse in the mother
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Midfacial anomalies, growth retardation, and mental retardation in a neonate are signs of:
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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What hypolipidemic agent increases blood triglyceride levels?
Bile acid-binding resins
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Significant sinus bradycardia and hypotension occur when what two drugs are used in combination?
Beta-blockers & non-dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem)
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Increase in bradykinin and decrease in Angiotensin II levels are functions of?
ACE inhibitors
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Profound systemic hypotension can be found in patients who are taking a combination of:
Nitrates and PDE inhibitors
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What drug inhibits squalene-2,3-epoxidase?
Terbinafine - used to reat dermatophytoses by decreasing synthesis of ergosterol
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Synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, a component of the fungal cell wall, is blocked by?
Caspofungin
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Isonazid is chemically similar to what vitamin?
Vitamin B6 - Pyridoxine
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Capsaicin is able to reduce pain by decreasing the level of what in the peripheral nervous system?
Substance P
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Additional of what drug to the standard therapy for heart failure patients will improve their overall survival?
Spironolactone
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Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect of:
Alpha adrenergic blockers - prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
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In a patient with stable angina, nitrate has what main effect?
Decrease cardiac preload, by causing venodilating to retain blood in the venous system.
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Lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus affects which part of the nephron?
Collecting duct, by inhibiting the ability of ADH to bind to its receptors
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AV block and ventricular tacharrhythmias with hyperkalemia are common symptoms of this drug toxicity:
digitalis
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What drugs prolong the action potential in cardiac muscle cells?
Class IA antiarrhythmics - disopyramide
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What drugs shorten phase 3 repolarization in cardiac myocytes?
Class IB antiarrhythmic - Lidocaine
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What drug has the prominent effect of drastically slowing the sodium-mediated phase 0 depolarization of the ventricular myocyte action potential?
Class IC antiarrhythmic - flecainide
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What are the Class IA antiarrhymthics?
Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide
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