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Urban VI
born Bartolomeo Prignano and was the head of the Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 to his death in 1389.
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Great Schism
the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
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Clement Theory
born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was the head of the Catholic Church from 19 November 1523 to his death in 1534.
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Councilar Theory
held that supreme authority in the Church resided with an Ecumenical council, apart from, or even against, the pope.
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Council of Pisa
an unrecognized ecumenical council of the Catholic Church held in 1409 that attempted to end the Western Schism by deposing Benedict XIII and Gregory XII.
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Council of Constance
ended the Three-Popes Controversy, by deposing or accepting the resignation of the remaining Papal claimants and electing Pope Martin V.
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Sacrosancta
declared that the Concil of Constances' authority was greater than the pope's.
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Martin V
born Otto Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church from 14 November 1417 to his death in 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism
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Renaissance
literally means rebirth. A period of enhance cultural, economic and political changes throughout Europe.
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Growth of City-States
many cities began to govern themselves as countries, especially in Italy, such as Florence, Venice, and Milan.
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Florentine class structure
Nobles, Merchants, Middle Class, then Workers
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Ciompi Revolt
a briefly successful revolt of the lower classes, the ciompi, and contributed to the support given to the Medici a generation afterwards
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The Medicis
a political dynasty, banking family and later royal house that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de' Medici in the Republic of Florence
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