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Who is the Father of Medicine?
Hippocrates
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Who said
“Let thy food be thy medicine and thy medicine be thy food”
Hippocrates
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What was an old treatment of eye disease?
Liver juice
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What is liver juice rich in?
Vitamin A
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Who treated eye disease with liver juice?
Hippocrates
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Who Compared the process of metabolism in the body to the burning of a candle?
Scientist and Artist Leonardo da Vinci
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What was Dr. James Lind?
A Physician in the British Navy
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Who performed the first scientific experiment in nutrition?
Dr. James Lind
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What did Dr. James Lind experiment on?
Scurvy
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What is scurvy due to?
A lack of Vitamin C
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Who was the father of Nutrition and Chemistry?
Antoine Lavoisier, and french chemist
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Antoine Lavoisier gave what element its name?
Oxygen
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What two things did Antoine Lavoisier discover?
the process by which food is metabolized and that combustion is oxidation
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What did Lavoisier say resulted in heat and water?
Food and oxygen
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The combination of food and oxygen resulting in heat and water is the reverse of what?
Photosynthesis
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When is the first time we see the function of a vitamin?
When Hippocrates used liver juice on eyes
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What 4 elements is food composed of?
Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen and Oxygen
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Where is nitrogen typically found?
Protein
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What is a Tryglyceride?
3 fatty acids on a glyceride backbone
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Who was the first to point out the chemical make up of carbs, fats, and proteins?
Justus Liebig of Germany
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What are carbs made of?
Sugars
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Fats are made of what?
Fatty acids
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Proteins were made of what?
Amino Acids
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Who fed chickens a diet of white rice, and what did those chickens develop symptoms of?
Christiaan Eijkman, Beriberi
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What does outer rice bran contain?
Vitamin B1
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What is Vitamin B1 also known as?
Thiamine
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Who discovered the first fat soluble vitamin, and what is it?
EV McCollun, Vitamin A
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Who was the first to coin the term "Vitamin"
Dr. Casimir Funk, a Polish biochemist
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What 2 words is the word Vitamin from?
Vital and Amine
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Who discovered the essential amino acids- the building blocks of protein?
William Rose
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What are two water soluble vitamins?
B and C
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Who created the term orthomolecular nutrition?
Linus Pauling
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Who Proposed that "by giving the body the right molecules in the right concentrations,
nutrients could be used by people to achieve better health and prolong life"
Linus Pauling
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What Act set forth what can and cannot be said about nutritional supplements without prior FDA review
Dietary and supplement health and Education Act
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What is the only mineral that is regulated by the FDA
Selenium
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Substances essential for live must be supplied by
food
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Nutrients include: (6 things)
Protein, Carbs, Fat, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water
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Why must essential nutrients be in the diet?
because the cells of the animal cannot synthesize the nutrient at all or not at a rate to meet cellular demands
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Why are both essential and non-essential nutrients required by all animal cells?
For maximum cell metabolism
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What is fiber?
The indigestible portion of foods which has many important functions for maintaining health such as lowering cholesterol
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Digestion is the _____, _____, and ____ Breakdown of foods in the digestive tract prior to absorption
Physica, Chemical, and Enzymatic
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Definition: The movement of substances (nutrients) from the digestive tract into the blood or lymph
Absorption
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What can help lower cholesterol?
Fiber
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Metabolism is both
Anabolism and Catabolism
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Define Anabolism
Building up of body tissue and chemical components
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Define Catabolism
The tearing down of body tissue and chemical components
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What is a protein in the body that can accelerate chemical reactions?
An enzyme
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This is a chemical compound produced in one part of an organ to regulate the activity of another organ or group of cells in a body
Hormone
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Hormones regulate
organs or groups of cells in a body
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Enzymes are secreted in a ________ manner
Exocrine
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Hormones are secreted in a ______ manner
endocrine
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What organ plays a role in both endocrine and exocrine secretions?
Pancreas
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What organisms and substances contribute the intestinal health?
Probiotics
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Probiotics literally mean what?
Pro-life
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All plants, animals, and microbes share these similar 3 processes:
Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, and Electron Transport
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2 major groupings of organisms:
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
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Autotrophs require _______ _______ molecules
Simple inorganic
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Heterotrophs require _______ ________ ______ molecules
"preformed" complex organic
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Where does Autotroph and Heterotroph energy come from?
Photosynthesis and Combustion (Oxidation)
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