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Charcteristics of fungi
Eukaryotic no photosynthesis have a cell wall
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Charact of protozoans
Single celled; movmnt; mostly live in water
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Char of algae
Unicellular & multicellular, undergo photosynth (need co2 and sunlight
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Char of prokaryotes
No true nucleus
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Theoris of the golden age of micro
- - is apontaneous gen of microbial life possible
- - what causes feementation
- - what causes disease
- - how can disease and infection be prevented
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Explain redi's experiment
Used meat in flask to show spont gen was false
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Needham's experiment
Soup in flask with corked lids and organisms still grew
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Spallanzani's experiment
Hay infusion with opening melted shut. Broke seal and microbes grew. Disproved spon gen
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Pasteur's experiment
Main one to disprove spon gen. Uses heat infusion with a swan flask
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List products developed from bacteria.
Cheese, alcohol, vinegar, yogurt, sour cream, bread
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Who is responsible for germ theory
PAsteur
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Define etiology
Study of the cause of a disease
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List the four postulates of Robert Koch
- - agent must be present in every case and absent from every healthy case
- - amb isolated and grown outside the host
- - amb introduced into a healthy host and develop the disease.
- - amb reisolated from infected host
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Contribution of Semmelweis
Awareness to germ transmission prevention
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Lister
Ideas of antiseptics
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Define epidemiology
Study of spread of diseases in humans
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Jenner
Invented vaccinations and small pox vaccine
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Erlich
Concept of chemotherapy and treatments for syphillis
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Define bioterrorism
Use of viruses, bacteria, fungi or other to toxins for threating or harmful purposes
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Define defferential stain
a substance used to impart color to tissues or cells, to facilitate microscopic study and identification
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What is microscopy?
The use of light or electrons to magnify objects
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Define resolution
Ability to distinguish btwn objects that are close together
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Define contrast
Ability to distinguish bwtn an object and its background
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Why is oil immersion used
It prevents the scattering of light
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Scanning electron microscope
Electrons pass over object for an external view
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Transmission electron microscope
Electrons pass through the specimen giving an internal view
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Why do org use nutrients?
Energy, building molecules, build maintain cell structures
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Def autotroph
Feed themselves co2
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Heterotroph
Get carbons from proteins, cho's, aa's, fa's
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Chemotrophs
Energy from chemicals
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Phototrophs
Energy from light
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Psychrophiles
Microbes that can live at cooler temps
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Thermophiles
Microbes that can live at warmer temps
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What is uses as a solid medium
Agar
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What is used as a liquid medium
Broth
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What is an inoculum?
It is the sample to be grown (ie E. coli)
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Def clinical specimen and give 5 examples
It is a sample human of human material- blood, urine, feces, saliva, CSF.
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Def enviro specimen and give 3 examples
A sample that comes from the enviro (ponds, streams, soils)
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What is selective media
Selective contains substance that favora growth of certain micros and inhibit growth of unwanted ones
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What is differential media?
Media that contains ingrediants to differentiate btwn diff types of orgs
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Why does an agar medium remain solid after bacteria and fungi grow?
The bacteria eat up the nutrients in the agar leaving it more solid than in the beginning.
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Schwann & Scheiden
Cell theory- all living things are made up of cells
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Ribosomes
Site of protein production
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Cytoplasm
Material in a cell that surround the organelles
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Inclusions
Bag containing lipids, starches, nitrogens, sulfur, phosphorus
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Cell membrane
Allows for the passage of substances in and out of a cell
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Genetic material
Chromosome and DNA
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Glycocalyces
External layer of bacteria used for attachment
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Slime layer
Glcocalyx with a lot of water
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Capsule
Glycocalyx attached to a cell wall that prevents dessication (drying out)
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Why do pathogenic bacteria need glycocalyces?
Acts as camoflauge to hide from white blood cells
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