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Sterilization
Kills or removes all forms of living organisms
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Pasteurization
Heat is applied to liquids; most viruses are inactivated; 98% of bact and fungi are killed. Some pathogens may survive.
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Scrubbing
Removes many microbes mechanically.
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Boiling
For 30 min. kills all vegetative forms of pathogenic bacteria; spores survive; some non-pathogens survive.
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X-rays
In specific doses kills microbes; used to steralize medical items and food.
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Disinfectant
Destroys vegetative cells of pathogens; does not kill spores; irritating or harmful to living tissue.
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Antiseptic and Bacteriostatic
Kills or inhibits vegetative cells of pathogens but not spores.
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Germicide
Kills bact but only those mentioned on product label.
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Asepsis
Those practices that prevent the entry of infectious agents into sterile tissues.
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Ethyl or Isopropyl alcohol
Good disinfectant; does not kill spores; inexpensive.
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Cidex (sonacide)
Kills bact, spores, and viruses; used on objects; high oder.
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An iodine compound used on skin and objects; kills bact, fungi, ameoba and viruses.
Betadine
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Hibiclens
Hand disinfectant
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Wavecide
Table disinfectant
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Fungicides
Kill fungi including their spores
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Halt or hinder viral multiplication
Antivirals
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What are Normal Flora?
Microbes that are normally and consistently present in or on parts of the body.
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When can Normal flora grow and cause disease?
- When immune system is weak
- Person is compromised
- In radiation therapy
- In the elderly
- Alcoholics
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Found in feces and intestines
Stool
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Name 6 NF found in stool
- Staphylococcus sp
- Streptococcus sp
- Coliforms (E. coli)
- Candida/Monilia (yeast)
- Bacteriodes
- Diphtheroids (Corynebacterium sp.)
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Name 6 NF found in the upper respiratory tract
- Staphylococcus sp
- Streptococcus sp
- Bacteriodes
- Diphtheroids (Corynebacterium sp.)
- Neisseria sp.
- Haemophilus
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Name NF found on skini
- Staphylococcus sp
- Streptococcus sp
- Diphtheroids (Corynebacterium sp.)
- Neisseria sp.
- Coliforms not including E. coli
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Name NF found in genital tract
- Staphylococcus sp
- Streptococcus sp
- Diphtheroids (Corynebacterium sp.)
- Neisseria sp.
- Coliforms not including E. coli
- Candida/Monilia (yeast)
- Haemophilus
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Microbes that can move to other parts of the body
transient flora
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What can adjust the normal flora?
Antibiotics
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What parts of the body contain few or no microbes?
- Blood
- Larynx
- Lower respiratory tract
- Upper urinary tract
- Posterior genital tract
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What parts of the body contain normal flora
- Upper respiratory tract
- Skin
- Mucus
- Membranes
- GI tract
- Anterior urethra
- Vagina
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How many microbes in the mouth?
1 billion per ml. of saliva
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Microbes in nose?
20,000 per ml. of nasal fluid
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Microbes on skin?
1 million per cubib cm.
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The entry, establishment and multiplication of pathogenic organisms within a host.
Infection
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A disease transmitted from host to host (common cold)
Communicable disease
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Disease that is not directly transmitted from host to host
Non-commincable disease
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Examples of non-communicable diseases
- Normal flora increasing and causing disease
- Spores entering a wound a causing a disease
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Disease that spreads easily from person to person
Contagious disease
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Disease causing
Pathogenic
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The degree of disease causing capacity posessed by a microbe.
Virulence
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The period btwn a microbe entering the body and symptoms
Incubation
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Poisonous chemicals produced by bacteia
Bacterial toxins
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Disease caused by the toxins of bacteria (ex. Tetanus)
Toxemia
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Bacteria and their toxins in the blood and producing a reaction (blood poisoning)
Septicemia
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Only bact found in the blood stream
Bacteremia
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An infection held in check by the body's defenses that can reactivate later.
Latent infection
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An infection chiefly located in a confined area but may spread to other areas (tooth abscess)
Focal infection
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A disease present to some degree all the time in an area (common cold)
Endemic disease
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Disease increases in numbers of cases above the endemic cases.
Epidemic disease
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A disease which increases and spread worldwide (flu)
Pandemic
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The body makes antibodis
Active immunity
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The person is given antibodies.
Passive immunity
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Substances stimulating the immune system yeilding the production of an antibody
Antigen
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Protein molecules produced in response to a specific antigen
Antibody
- A protein in the blood that works with antibodies against infectious microbes
- Complement
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Substances yeilding allergic responses w/o stimulating antibody reaction
Allergen
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A motion of the body's immune system; an attempt to protect the body against invading allergens
Allergy
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A sudden severe, life threatening allergic reaction
Anaphylaxis
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A skin allergic response with patchy inflammation, edema and itching
Urticaria
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Symptoms occur about 24 hrs after contact an allergen
Delayed allergy
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Symptoms occur immediately
Immediate allergy
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Spread from animals
Zoonotic
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An inanimate object carrying an infection (towels, silverware)
Finite
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An insect carrying an organism of disease
Vector
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Tissue that secretes fluid
Mucous
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Secreted fluid that is bad
Exudate
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What comes out of a mucous membrane
Mucus
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Bacteria found outside the body
Exogenous antigen
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Normal flora or an exogenous antigen which ha sreproduced inside a body cell.
Endogenous
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