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Refugees in Hx
- 1. 1685. Huguenots. Religious persecution. Killed or escaped to Britain. Became integrated.
- 2. 1793. French Revolution. Wealthy emigres. Most returned in 1802 amnesty.
- 3. WWI. Massive displacement in Northern France. Issues - no central agency, lack funds, size of problem.
- 4. WWII. Refugees become political crisis.
- Nations influenced by abuses of legal Government (NAZIS, Vichy France)
- 5. UNHCR. Created in 1950. Co-ordinate Emergency Aid.
- 6. 1951 UN Convention. Status of Refugees defined.
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What is the definition of Refugee according to 1951 UN Convention?
- 1. Outside Country of Origin.
- 2. Genuine risk of serious human rights abuse.
- 3. Due to who he / she is what they believe.
- 4. Cannot return.
- 5. Own Government cannot / will not protect.
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Refugees and key issues of 20th C.
- 1. Relationship between citizens and Governments.
- 2. Limits of state authority.
- 3. Duties of citizens within the state.
- 4. Development of socialism / communism - protection of workers.
- 5. Refugees as an indicator of social justice. Rare where justice systems are operational, effective, fair.
- 6. Great Reform Act 1832. Political Freedom / Participation. Society inclusive. Treatment of own citizens became highlighted.
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Factors in regards to refugees today.
- 1. Greater destruction of modern weapons.
- 2. Suffering not so acceptable today.
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Refugees and key issues of 20th C.
- 1. Greater destruction of modern weapons.
- 2. Suffering not so acceptable today.
- 3. Estimates fluctuate / inconsistent.
- 4. UNHCR - 15.2 milllion refugees, 26 million internally displaced, 827,000 asylum seekers.
- 5. Refugees in host societies suffer ethnic issues, socio-economic issues, unemployment.
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What groups from the UNHCR's "Persons of Concern."
- 1. Refugees.
- 2. Returnees.
- 3. Stateless Persons.
- 4. Internally Displaced Persons (IDP).
- 5. Asylum Seekers.
- 6. Others.
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How many Refugees and IDP's does UNHCR care for?
25 Million - These groups make up 3/4 of those under UNHCR's mandate.
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Who is UNHCR looking after?
- 42 million forcibly displaced persons.
- 15.2 million refugees.
- 26 million IDP's (about 50% protected / assisted by UNHCR).
- 827 asylum seekers (16,300 unaccompanied children - 25% applications in South Africa).
- 6.6 million stateless persons.
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