-
What is the World Health Organization (WHO) ?
the directing and coordinating authority for international health within the united nations
-
What does the WHO do?
- coordinate a range of strategies aimed at reducing global burdens of disease and promoting human development
- records health statistics for each country
- publishes the World Health Report that highlights a specific health issue along with relevant statistics
-
Developing countries are usually distinguished by these indicators:
- low income, less industrialised with more rural activities
- high mortality and low life expectancy, high under 5 and maternal mortality
- high prevalence of communicable diseases and poor access to healthcare services
-
Developed countries are usually distinguished by these indicators:
- are industrialised and have higher incomes per person
- have very low under 5 and adult mortality as well as a high life expectancy
- have good access to health services, and high expenditure on health technologies and drugs
- have low levels of communicable diseases
-
Mortality stratum A
- very low child mortality and very low adult mortality
- Australia Singapore USA Britain Japan
-
Mortality stratum B
- low child mortality and low adult mortality
- China Indonesia Vietnam
-
Mortality stratum C
- low child mortality and high adult mortality
- Ukraine Russian Federation Hungary
-
Mortality stratum D
- high child mortality and high adult mortality
- India Afghanistan Iraq Nigeria
-
Mortality stratum E
- high child mortality and very high adult mortality
- Zimbabwe Zambia South Africa
-
the definition of Sustainability
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
-
the Human Development Index (HDI) is a measurement that
- combines measures of life expectancy, literacy, education levels and income.
- provides a single statistic for human development within countries
-
low income for individuals may mean limited access to
- health services
- medications
- education
- employment
- housing
- food
-
what happens to countries when the population doesn't have access to employment and income?
countries cannot generate income from taxes which means that infrastructure (hospitals, schools) cannot be provided
-
Gender equality is:
- the equal valuing of the roles of men and women
- overcoming stereotypes and prejudices so that both sexes equally contribute to, and benefit from, social, economic, cultural and political developments
-
Gender Inequality is
- the social, economic, political and legal interpretation of the differences between sexes that leads to inequality
- having unequal access to education and health services
- social customs that force girls into early marriage and child bearing that have dangerous consequences to their health
- high levels of violence against women
-
what impact can Conflict have on a country
infrastructure like hospitals and community resources may be damaged during conflict and take years to restore, impacting access to health services
-
Political Stability leads to:
- improvement in economic and business environments
- increased incomes can improve access to health care, food security and education
- political stability means that money can be spent on health services rather than on military
-
Education
- increases the awareness of health on a personal and community basis
- allows access to employment that can provide income to obtain adequate food, access to safe water, sanitation and health care
- provides knowledge about health, the prevention of disease, and sanitary hygiene practices
-
to attain good health, the following should be accessible:
- education about disease
- adequate food supply, safe water and sanitation
- maternal and child health care
- immunisation
- essential drugs, often not available in developing countries
-
Physical Environments can affect health through:
- lack of access to clean water and sanitation
- climate and weather, which can exert strong influences on health (heat waves, natural disasters)
- human induced climate change, which has implications for health as it may affect food and water supplies, and patterns of infectious diseases linked to ecosystem change (malaria)
-
MDG 1:
eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
-
MDG 2
achieve universal primary education
-
MDG 3
promote gender equality and empower women
-
MDG 4
reduce child mortality
-
MDG 5
improve maternal health
-
MDG 6
combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
-
MDG 7
ensure environmental sustainability
-
MDG 8
develop a global partnership for development
-
Importance of MDGs
- eradicating poverty can only be achieved through strong partnerships and increased action from rich countries by expanding trade, relieving debt, transferring technology and providing aid
- the MDGs place human wellbeing and poverty reduction at the centre of global development adjectives, and provide the building blocks for human development
-
Health is
a complete state of physical, social and mental wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease
-
Human Development aims to
- create an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests.
- it places importance on participating in the life of the community and having input into decisions
-
Sustainability means
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
|
|