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What is the study of drugs?
Pharmacology
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What is the study of the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?
Pharmacokinetics
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What is the measure of strength, or concentration of a drug to produce a specific effect?
Potency
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What is the percentage of drug that is actually absorbed into the blood stream?
Bioavailabitliy
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What are harmful, unintended effects?
Adverse effects
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What mild reaction includes rash, urticaria (hives), or mild fever?
Allergic hypersensitivity
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Includes sudden onset of dyspnea, chest constriction, shock and collapse?
Severe reaction (anaphylaxis)
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What are the four drug sources?
Plants, animals, chemical, and minerals
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What is effected by the following?
pH, Presence/Absence of food, Lipid solubility, and drug formulation
Absorption
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What is effected by the following?
Protein Plasma Binding, Blood flow, Blood brain barrier, Metabolism, Elimination
Distribution
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Without known cause?
Idiopathic
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Relatively severe symptoms, but only lasts a short time?
Acute
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What are the key issues in Anti-infective selection?
- Status of hepatic and or renal function
- Age of patient
- Pregnancy
- Likelihood of organism developing resistance
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What are antimicrobial resistances
- Overuse or misuse
- Prescribed without specific diagnosis
- Patient does not complete drug therapy
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What are the common types of Gram Positive Cocci?
Staphylococcus aureus - present on skin
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What 4 groups are common gram negative pathogens?
Enteric, Haemophilus influenza, Neisseria, Pseudomonas
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What do cell wall inhibitors do?
Kill bacteria by preventing synthesis or repair of the cell wall.
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What is the cell wall inhibitor class?
Penicillin
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What are the Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Classes?
- Aminoglycoside (bactericidal)
- Tetracycline (Bacteriostatic)
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What is effective against a variety of bacteria including most gram-positive organisms?
Penicillin
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What is the MOA of penicillin?
Cell wall inhibitor and destroy bacteria
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Penicillin is the drug of choice for?
Respiratory infections, Otitis media, venereal diseases
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What are the warnings of Penicillin?
Acids in fruit juice can deactivate drug
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What are 2 specific Penicillin drugs?
- Procaine Penicillin G (IM only)
- Penicillin G Benzathine (IM only)
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What is a narrow spectrum - penicillinase resistance?
Nafcillin
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What are some broad spectrum amino penicillin's?
Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Ampicillin/Sulbactam
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What are the extended spectrum, anti-pseudomonas Penicillins?
Carbenicillin, Piperacillin, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Ticarcillin, Ticarcillin/Clavulanate
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