Chapter 7 anatomy respiratory system

Bringing fresh air in lungs exchange oxygen with carbon dioxide between air sacs of lungs and blood stream exhaling stale air

Nasal cavity, pharynx , larynx, trachea, bronchial , tubes and lungs 

• function together to aid respiration 
• removal of carbon dioxide needed 
• respiratory system works with the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygen

Ventilation- flow of air between lungs and environment 

External respiration- exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide 

Internal respiration- oxygen and carbon exchange on a cellular level

Inhalation- flow of air in the lungs 

• Exhalation- flow of air outside of lungs 
• removes carbon dioxide

Ventilations begins with the Nasal cavity

Air enters through two external openings in the nose called the Nares

Nasal cavity is divided down the middle by Nasal Septum 

Palate roof of the mouth separates nasal cavity above from mouth below 

Walls of the nasal cavity and septum are covered with Mucous Membrane 

Cleans the air by trapping dust and bacteria

Filter out dirt particles before it can enter lungs

Paranasal sinuses 

located within facial bones

Echo chamber gives voice resonance

Used by respiratory and digestive system 

End pharynx enters trachea food and liquids are pushed to the esophagus

Upper - nasopharynx

Middle- oropharynx 

Lower- laryngopharynx

Adenoids aka Pharyngeal tonsils

Palastine tonsils aka lingual tonsils

lingual tonsils

Opens equalize air pressure between the middle and the outside atmosphere

Located between the pharynx and trachea 

Contains the vocal cord 

produce sound as vibration air that passes through the glottis which is the opening between the two vocal cords

• Flap of cartilaginous tissue 
•  
• Epiglottis sits above the glottis and provides protection against food and liquids being inhaled  into lungs

Covers larynx and trachea during swallowing and shuts food and liquid from the pharynx into esophagus

Known as Adams Apple 

Bigger in man to produce a deeper voice

Passage way for air 

extends from pharynx and larynx down to main brochi 

Smooth muscle and cartilage rings mucous membrane and cilia assists in cleansing, warming and moisturizing air as it travels to the lungs

Trachea divides to form left and right main bronchi 

Bronchus enters lung to form secondary and tertiary bronchi

The narrowest branch - Bronchioles

Are air sacs 

Walls of the alveoli are elastic giving them the ability to expand to hold air

Encases each alveolus 

Alveoli and capillaries single unit as the respiratory membrane

Exchange of Oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place across the respiratory membrane

• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli      

Spongy to the touch because they contain air.

Lungs are protected by the pleura ( membrane) pleura's outer membrane is the parietal pleura.

Inner membrane - visceral pleura surface of lungs.

Pleural cavity

Between the two layers of the pleura 

helps reduce friction when the two layers rub together as the lungs contract and expand

Three lobes in the larger right lung ( right upper, right middle and right lower lobes)

two in the left lung ( left upper and left lower lobes)

Superior portion -Apex

Broader lower portion - base

• Is the entry into the structure of bronchi, blood vessels and nerves into each lung occurs.
• entry and exit point

Area between the right and left lung contains the heart , aorta , esophagus , thymus gland and trachea

Respiratory therapist - measures lung capacities and functioning levels of respiratory system

Measurement

Air moves in and out lungs by difference in atmospheric pressure 

Pressure in chest cavity

Muscle that separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity 

Produces difference in pressure 

Diaphragm contracts and then moves downward s

Located between the ribs - assist in inhalation by rising the rib cage to enlarge the thoracic cavity 

when the intercostal muscles relax the thoracic cavity become smaller

Our vital signs along with heart rate temperature and blood pressure

Respiratory rate is regulated by CO square in the blood CO2 is high we breath more rapidly expel the excess when co2 levels drop our respiratory levels drop our respiratory rate will drop