eent

• decr pressure in eyes
• helps incr bld flow to retina

• sedative effects
• cognitive impairment
• drying

pcn,

make sure gag reflex is back b4 food

10-21 mmHg

• dont bend forward
• cover both eyes
• prevent cough/strain
• help w pain meds
• bed not in fowlers

20/200

eyes adjust to see objects at dif distances

flush 15 mins

can read at distance of 20 ft what a normal person can see at 20 feet

20 feet

photophobia, accom prob, dryness, irritates cornea

• decr ability to accomm 
• hold newspaper away 
• common in elderly

• dizzy
• encourage to ask for help to get out of bed

constrict

rapid eye twitch

double vision

inner to outer

call dr, dont try to remove

near vision at 14 inches

incision into ear drum releases fluid from middle ear

occipital

temporal

do not restore normal hearing

wax softener

low na

give advice

fills lenses

tests refractive errors

dr, diagnoses eye diseases can prescribe meds

delicate organ

• skull
• lids/lashes
• tears
• sac
• and conjunctiva

• white of eye
• connective tiss

• conn tiss w bld vessels, highly vascular
• dark brown pigment that prevents incoming light rays from scattering and reflecting off inner surface

• innermost layer; 10 sublayers of neurons
• rods and cones photoreceptors
• optic disk
• macula
• and fovea centralis

• periphery
• sensitive to light; dim light; black and white, night vision

• in rods
• chem helps rods function 
• needs vit a

• central vision
• concentrated in center of retina
• bright light; sensitive to color; sharp image; red, green, and blue

electroretinogram erg

• retina
• blind spot
• no rods or cones

• yellow core in center
• dark oval for central vision
• contains fovea centralis

• in mac in ret
• depressed area; high concentration cones
• point of most acute vision

• forward cont of sclera
• transparent covering front of eye
• avascular
• rich nerve supply - corneal reflex
• conjunctiva provides nutrients, antibodies, and protection

• watery fluid produced by ciliary process
• flows in eye, thru canal of schlemm, absorbed in general circulation
• fills eyeball in front of lens ant cav
• maintains forward curvature and nourishment of cornea, as well as iop

• clear circular structure behind iris
• changes thickness to accommodate
• changes shape to refract (bend) light rays onto retina for clear image
• ciliary bd allows contraction and relaxation

• soft, clear, jell substance fills space behind lens in post cav
• keeps spherical shape of eyeball
• pushes retina against choroid to maintain bld supply
• cant be reproduced by bd; surg neccessary

• iris
• ciliary bd
• and suspensory ligaments

colored part

muscle allows lens to change shape during accommodation

hold lens in place

• each eye has
• 4 rectus muscles
• and 2 oblique muscles

star or h pattern

• optic nerve cn2
• trigeminal nerve opthalmic branch cn5

• cn2
• carries visual impulses from rods and cones to brain

• cn5
• carries impulses of pain/touch/temp from eye to brain

• oculomotor nerve cn3
• trochlear nerve cn4
• abducens nerve cn6
• voluntary and involuntary movement

occipital lobe

• light travels through the 
• 1. cornea
• 2. aqueous humor
• 3. pupil
• 4. lens (bends light rays)
• 5. vitreous humor
• 6. focuses on retina (image inverted)
• 7. optic nerve (image reversed l to r)
• 8. occipital lobe

• nss flush
• inner canthus to outer
• iv lr/nss and tubes
• morgen lens
• 2 nurses for both eyes
• cover both eyes
• flush 15 mins

distance/far vision

• near vision
• 14 inches
• normal: 4 point type at 14 inches

dilate pupils

sunglasses, dd, assistance ambulating

instrument to measure iop

visual acuity less than 20/200 in better eye with/wo correction

or visual field sight reduced to 20 degrees (normal 180)

no light perception

• walking tour
• dont move items
• position usable items close to bed
• door open or closed
• id self entering and leaving
• approach strong site
• speak before touching

• bacteria
• pinkeye staph
• chlamydia
• gonorrhea
• virus
• allergen

redness, tearing, irritation, itching, drainage, photophobia

normal light focus

• most common refractive error
• nearsightedness
• horizontal elongation football
• lght rays focus on vit humor before reaching retina
• occurs in dm if lens swollen due to sugar
• treat w concave lens

• farsightedness
• eyeball short and elongated
• light rays focus at pnt behind ret
• treat w convex lens (pulls rays in)

• irregular/unequal curvature shape of cornea or lens, light doesnt focus correctly on retina
• mult areas of focus
• vision distorted or blurred
• straight things appear slanted
• occurs w my and hyper, not alone

• lens flattens (thins)
• ciliary muscles relax
• pupil dilates

• lens rounds (thick)
• ciliary muscles tighten
• pupil constricts

ciliary muscle loses elasticity and is less able to accommodate

• small print held away to see
• need bifocals, trifocals, or reading glasses

opague lens

• position on unoperative side
• dc within hours - teach
• review med sched
• activity restritions
• shield until first fu and at night
• dark glasses photophobia
• shed fu
• # to call w problems
• eye is scratchy, mild pain
• keep iop low
• written instructions
• later may need corrective lenses
• report as implant in future

10-21 mmHg

eye cond due to disturbance or normal balance bw production and drainage of aq humor 

• sudden onset: medical emergency
• pressure may rise to 50-70

• severe pain 
• blurred vision
• halos
• ns
• steamy appearance of cornea
• impairs peripheral vision first then tunnel vision then blindness

applanation tonometry

• stat to protect optic nerve
• reduce iop