-
North China Plain
- -large alluvial(sediments) plain of northern China
- -along the Yellow River
- -high population density
- -the soil super rich
- -where China grew from
-
Sichuan Basian
- -Eastern CHina
- -Isolated pockets of dense population
- -Qinling mountains:
-
Indo-Gangetic Plain
- -Home to 3/5 of India's population
- -has some of the most fertile soil in the world
- 1. Lies between the Indus River (west) and the Ganges River (east).
- 2. Many people live around the rivers and work as substinence farmers.
- 3. The rivers carry water and silt into the farmlands to enrich and irrigate the land.
- 4. Floods during monsoon season
-
-
Most populous country in Africa
Nigeria
-
Culture
- -way of life
- -group of people share
- 1. Religion
- 2. Tradition
- 3. Food
- 4. Language
- 5. Festivals/holidays
- 6. knowledge, beliefs, practices,abilties
- -must all be learned
-
Carrier of culture
- Language
- -use to teach religion
-
English is not defined by the way we________
write it
-
-
sign
- something you can observe with a meaning
- Ex. Cup
-
communication
use of signs and interpretation of signs
-
Symbol meaning is determined by
agreed by convention
-
logic
system for meaning by arrangement of symbols
-
-
phoneme
- -the sound you think you're saying
- -the smallest unit of sound that is capable of conveying a distinction in meaning.
- -Ex. In English we can tell that pail and tail are different words, so /p/ and /t/ are phonemes
- -/kap/
-
Morpheme
- -smallest unit of meaning
- - For example, the word "bookkeeper" has three morphemes: "book", "keep", and "-er".
- -Ex. the word Cups has two morphemes: "cup","s"
-
Vernacular language
-everyday speech
-
Standard language
- -understandable by a lot of people
- -grammar rules
- -taught in schools
-
Official Language
Dialect of government
-
Promoted language
spread of a particular speech
-
lingua franca
- -language of franks
- -any common language spoken by two groups who speak different languages
-
Pidgin
- -New dialect created that contains elements of both groups
- -generally the less powerful group do most grammar and sound
- -powerful group does vocabulary
-
creole
- -acquired pidgin
- -children grow up speaking it
- -evolves to the point that it becomes the primary language to the people who speak it.
-
creole continuum
move back and forth from creole to standard(formal situations)
-
code-switching
switching back and forth between two different dialects based on situation
-
Mutual Intelligibility
- two language group understand each other
- -used as a distinction
- -matter of degree
- -Ex. California English vs Midwest english
-
Dialect Continuum
- There is no clear break in intelligibility between dialects in a country, so they change gradually from place to place
- -extremes might not be able to understand each other
- -innovation can reach entire distance
- -the greater the geographical separation, the greater the difficulty of comprehension
-
How do languages divert?
- 1. Migration-----separation
- 2. Change
- -slang
- -technology
|
|