Quarter 4 Exam 3 structure module 5

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What peritoneal fold contains the inferior epigastric vessels?

Lateral umbilical fold
What peritoneal fold contains remnants of urachus

Median umbilical fold
What does the medial umbilical fold contain remnants of

Umbilical arteries
What is the nerve supply of the peritoneum
- intercostal nerves peripherally
- Phrenic nerve centrally
what are the plexus roots of the phrenic nerve

C3 C4 C5
Where is the omental bursa (lesser sac) located?

posterior to stomach
How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate

epiploic foramen
what is the superior border of the epiploic foramen

caudate lobe (liver)
what is the anterior border of the epiploic foramen

Portal vein in free edge of lesser omentum
What is the inferior border of the epiploic foramen

First part duodenum
What is the posterior border of the epiploic foramen

IVC
What is the order of excretion of urine
- Renal papilla
- minor calyces
- major calyces
- renal pelvis
- ureter
- bladder
- IUO
- prostetic urethra
- membranous urethra
- penile urethra
what are the covering of the kidney and surrounding layers from deep to superficial
- true renal capsule
- perirenal fat
- renal fascia (also invests adrenal)
- extraperitoneal fat / renal fat
- posterior abdominal wall
What four muscles lie posterior to the kidney
- Quadratus lumborum
- Psoas Major
- Thoracic diaphram
- Transverus abdominus
What three nerves lie posterior to the kidney
- Subcostal (t12)
- Iliohypogastric (t12-L1)
- Ilioinguinal (L2)
What two vessels lie posterior to the kidney
- subcostal vein
- subcostal artery
At what spinal level does the renal artery come off the AA

L1
What veins drain into the left renal vein?
- left suprarenal vein
- left gonadal (ovarian/testicular) vein
what is the shape of the left adrenal gland?

crescent
How long is the ureter?

25 cm
What muscle does the ureter descend over

psoas major
what arterial bifurcation does the ureter pass over

common iliac artery
what does the ureter pass under in the male and female respectively just before meeting the bladder
- Male: ductus deferens
- Female: uterine artery
List the three areas of the ureter where kidney stones are likely to form?
- Pelvi-ureteric junction
- crossing plevic brim
- intramural (bladder entry)
what are the surface markings for the right and left kidney respectively

Superior border (L) T11 (R) T12 5cm from midline
`What is the normal capacity of the bladder

300 CC
Where is the neck of the bladder located

inferior resting on prostate
What muscle makes up the bladder wall

Detrusor muscle
What type of tissue lines the bladder

transitional epithelium
What is the blood supply of the bladder
- Superior vesicle arteries
- Inferior vesicle arteries
What structure does the inferolateral aspect of the bladder lie against
- Obturator internus
- Levator ani muscles
Where are the seminal vesicles and ductus deferentia lie in relation to the bladder

Posterior
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the bladder and what is the function
- Pelvic Spanchnic nerves S2, S3, S4
- Detrusor muscle contraction
- Relaxation of internal urethral sphincter
What is the sympathetic innervation of the bladder and what is the function
- Inferior hypogastric plexus
- Contraction of internal urethral sphincter (During ejaculation)
What is the function of the nephron
- Filtration
- Reabsorption
- Excretion
At what part of the nephron does filtration occur

Renal Corpusle
What is the route filtrate takes after leaving the renal corpusle
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collective tubule
- Collective duct
- Minor calyx
- Major Calyx
What type of muscle lines the upper 2/3 of the ureter?
- Inner longitudinal
- Outer circular
What type of muscle lines the lower 1/3 of the ureter?
- Inner longitudinal
- Middle circular
- Outer Longitudinal
What is the function of the glumerulus

Filtration (remove water and solutes)
Function of Proximal convoluted tubule

Reabsorption (water and solutes)
Function of DCT and collecting tubules
- Reabsorption: ammonia potassium
- Secretion: H+ and drugs
- Reabsorption: DCT -> Blood
- Secretion: Blood -> DCT
What is the most common type of kidney stone

calcium
What type of Kidney stone may form after an infection in the urinary system

Struvite: (magnesium and ammonia)
What is the rarest type of kidney stone?

Cystine type (genetic defect amino acid metabolism)

Author

bradley.knox

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Quarter 4 Exam 3 structure module 5

Description

kidney bladder ureter peritoneum

Updated

2013-08-20T02:57:46Z