-
a-
- without, lack of
- Asymptomatic (lack of symptoms)
-
ab-
- away from
- abstinence (to hold back from)
-
acou-
- hearing
- acoustics (science of sound)
-
-ac, -al
- pertaining to
- cardiac (the heart), myocardial (heart muscle)
-
ad-
- to, toward, near to
- adduction (movement toward the midline)
-
aden-, adeno-
- gland
- adenoma (tumor of a gland)
-
af-
- toward
- afferent (moving toward)
-
albi-
- white
- albinuria (passing of pale or white urine)
-
-algia
- painful condition
- myalgia (muscle pain)
-
an-
- without, lack of
- anesthesia (absence of pain)
-
andro-
- male
- androgen (male hormone)
-
angi-, angio-
- vessel
- angiopathy (disease of blood vessels)
-
ante-
- before
- antepartum (before birth)
-
anti-
- against
- anticoagulant (prevents blood clotting)
-
apo-
- separated from, off
- apodia (congenital absence of feet)
-
arthr-, arthro-
- joint
- arthritis (inflammation of a joint)
-
-ary
- associated with
- urinary (associated with the urine)
-
-asis, -asia
- condition or state of
- homeostasis (state of metabolic balance)
-
audio-
- hearing
- auditory (belonging to the hearing sense)
-
auri-
- ear
- auricle (ear-shaped structure)
-
auto-
- self
- autolysis (self breakdown)
-
baro-
- weight, pressure
- baroreceptor (receptor for pressure changes)
-
bi-
- twice, double
- bicuspid (two cusps)
-
-blast
- germ, bud
- chondroblast (cartilage producing cell)
-
-
brady-
- slow
- bradycardia (slow heart rate)
-
bucc-
- cheek
- buccal cavity (inside cheek region)
-
carcin-
- cancer
- carcinogenic (causing cancer)
-
cardio-
- heart
- cardiology (study of the heart)
-
-
cephal-
- head
- cephalic (by the head)
-
cephal-
- head
- cephalic (by the head)
-
cerebro-
- brain
- cerebrospinal (of the brain and spinal cord)
-
chondro-
- cartilage
- chondrocyte (cartilage cell)
-
-cide
- kill
- spermicide (agent that kills sperm)
-
circum-
- around
- circumduction (movement forming a circle)
-
-clast
- break
- osteoclast (cell the breaks down bone)
-
co-, com-
- with, together
- cooperate, gray commissure (connects rt/lt horns)
-
contra-
- against, opposite
- contralateral (opposite side)
-
cost-
- rib
- intercostals (between the rib)
-
crani-
- skull
- crainial cavity (where the brain is located)
-
cune-
- wedge
- cuneiform (wedge shaped)
-
cuti-
- skin
- subcutaneous (under the skin)
-
cyan-
- blue color
- cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin)
-
cysti-, cysto-
- sac, bladder
- cystoscope (instrument for examining the inside of a bladder)
-
-cyte, -cyto
- cell
- erythrocyte (red blood cell), cytology (study of cells)
-
demi-
- half
- costal demifacet (half-moon facet on vertebra for rib articulation)
-
di-, diplo-
- two
- diploid (two sets of chromosomes)
-
duct-, -duct
- lead, draw
- ovarian duct, adduct (toward midline)
-
dur-
- hard
- dura mater (tough menix of CNS)
-
dys-
- painful, difficult, bad
- dysuria (painful urination)
-
e-, ec-, ef-, ex-,
- out, from
- efferent (carries away from), excretion (eliminate)
-
ecto-
- outside, outer
- ectocardia (displacement of heart)
-
-ectomy
- to cut out
- appendectomy (removal of appendix)
-
ede-, -edem
- swelling
- myoedemia (muscle swelling)
-
-el, -elle
- small
- organelle (tiny structure that performs cell function)
-
endo-
- within
- endocardium (lining within heart chambers)
-
entero-
- intestine
- enteritis (inflammation of intestines)
-
epi-
- above, on
- epicardium (membrane covering heart)
-
ex-, exo-,
- outside
- exhale (breath out), exocrine (gland that secretes to the outside)
-
extra-
- outside
- extracellular (outside the cell)
-
-ferent
- carry
- afferent (carries toward)
-
-form
- resembling, shape of
- fusiform (spindle shaped)
-
gastr-, gastro-
- stomach
- gastric ulcer (stomach ulcer)
-
-genesis, -genic
- produce, orgin
- gluconeogenesis (glucose from another molecule), carcinogenic (causes cancer)
-
gloss-, glosso-
- tongue
- hypoglossal (under tongue)
-
-
gyn-
- female, woman
- gynecology (treatment of female reproductive organs)
-
haplo-
- single
- haploid (single set of chromosomes)
-
hem-, hemato-
- blood
- hematology (study of blood)
-
hepato-
- liver
- hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)
-
hetero-
- different
- heterosexual (involving different sexes)
-
histo-, hist-
- tissue
- histology (study of tissues)
-
homo-, homeo-
- same
- homeostasis (constancy of body parameters)
-
hydro-
- water
- hydroadipsia (absence of thirst for water)
-
hyper-
- above, over
- hypertrophy (overgrowth of cells or part)
-
hypo-
- under, below
- hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
-
idio-
- self, distinct
- idiopathic (disease of unknown cause)
-
infra-
- below
- infraspinatus (below the spine of scapula)
-
inter-
- between
- interosseous (between two bones)
-
intra-
- within
- intracellular (within the cell)
-
-issimus
- greatest
- latissimus (widest)
-
iso-
- equal, same
- isotonic (same concentration)
-
-itis
- inflammation
- neuritis (inflammation of nerve)
-
juxta-
- near
- juxtaglomerular (near the glomerulus)
-
labi-
- lip
- labia major (thickened folds of skin in female external genitalia)
-
-
leuko-
- white
- leukocyte (white blood cell)
-
lip-
- fat
- liposuction (removal of fat from an area)
-
-ology
- study of
- urology (study of urinary system)
-
-lysis
- breaking up, dissolve
- hemolysis (breaking up of erythrocytes)
-
macro-
- large
- macrophage (certain large leukocyte)
-
mamm-, mast-
- breast
- mammary gland, mastectomy ( breast removal)
-
medi-
- middle
- medial (towards the midline)
-
melano-
- black
- melanocyte (dark pigment-producing cell)
-
-mers, -meres
- parts
- polymers (larger molecules made of monomers)
-
meta-
- after, beyond
- metastasis (beyond the original position)
-
micro-
- small
- microorganism (very small organism)
-
mono-
- single, one
- monomer (a single part)
-
morph-
- form, shape
- morphology (study of shape)
-
myo-
- muscle
- myometrium (muscular wall of uterus)
-
necro-
- dead
- necrotic (dead tissue)
-
-
nephro-
- kidney
- nephrology (study of kidney)
-
neuro-
- nerve
- neurilemma (nerve cell membrane)
-
oculo-, ophthalm-
- eye
- oculomoter (movement of the eye), ophthalmology (study of the eye)
-
odonto-
- tooth
- odontoid (shaped like a tooth)
-
-ole
- little
- arteriole (small artery like vessel)
-
oligo-
- few, little, deficient
- oliguria (little urine output)
-
-oma
- tumor
- carcinoma (cancerous tumor)
-
-
-osis
- condition of
- osteoporosis (having bones that are porous)
-
osse-, osteo-
- bone
- osteoblast (bone-forming cell)
-
oto-
- ear
- otogenic (originating within the ear)
-
para-
- near, beside
- paranasal (by the nose)
-
-pathy
- disease
- neuropathy (nerve disease)
-
pelv-
- basin
- renal pelvis (collection area in kidney)
-
-penia
- deficiency
- leucopenia (deficiency of leukocytes)
-
peri-
- around
- perioosteum (membrane covering bone)
-
phag-
- eat
- phagocytosis (cellular eating)
-
phil-
- have an affinity for
- lipophilic (associates with fat)
-
-plegia
- paralyze, stroke
- paraplegia (paralysis of lower extremities)
-
pneumo-
- air, gas, lungs
- pneumothorax (air in pleural cavity)
-
-poiesis
- make, formation of
- erythropoietin (hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production)
-
poly-
- many
- polycythemia (excess erythrocytes)
-
post-
- after
- postnatal (after birth)
-
pre-
- before in time, place
- prenatal (before birth)
-
pro-
- before in time, place
- prosect (to cut for demonstration)
-
pseudo-
- false
- pseudostratified (not truly layered)
-
quad-
- fourfold
- quadriceps femoris (4-headed muscle of anterior thigh)
-
rami-
- branch
- ramus (primary division of a nerve)
-
rect-
- straight
- rectus abdominis (straight muscle of abdomen)
-
reno-
- kidney
- renal (of the kidney)
-
retro-
- backward, behind
- retroperitoneal (posterior to peritoneum)
-
sclera-
- hard
- arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
-
semi-
- half
- semilunar (half moon shaped)
-
serrate-
- saw edged
- serratus anterior (muscle of thorax)
-
somato-
- body
- somatotropin (growth hormone)
-
steno-
- narrow
- stenosis (narrowing of opening)
-
sterno-
- breast, chest
- sternum (bone over heart and medial to ribs)
-
stria-
- stripe
- striated (showing stripes or lines)
-
sub-
- under
- subcutaneous (under the skin)
-
super-, supra-
- above, upper
- supercilia (upper brows)
-
sym-, syn-
- together, with
- symphysis (growhing together)
-
tachy-
- fast
- tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
-
therm-
- heat
- thermometer (tool to measure temperature)
-
thorac-
- chest
- thoracic cavity (body cavity containing heart lungs)
-
thrombo-
- blood clot
- thrombocyte (platelet)
-
-tomy
- cut, incise
- appendectomy (removal of appendix)
-
topo-
- place, position
- ectopic (being out of position)
-
trans-
- across
- transdermal (across the skin)
-
tri-
- three
- triceps brachii (three headed muscle)
-
-tropic
- influencing
- gonadotropic (effecting the gonads)
-
tunica-
- layer, coat
- tunica interna (inner part of blood vessel)
-
ultra-
- beyond excess
- ultradian (more than every 24 hours)
-
uni-
- one
- unicellular (single cell)
-
-uria
- urine
- polyuria (excess urine)
-
vas-
- vessel
- vasodilation (widening of lumen of blood vessel)
-
vertebra-
- spine
- vertebrae (bones of the spine)
-
villo-
- hair
- microvillia (minute projections of cell membrane)
-
viscer-
- internal organ
- visceral (of the internal organs)
-
zyg-
- yoked, paired, union
- azygos (unpaired anatomical structure)
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