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The scientific study of behavior
psychology
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the contents and processes of subjective experience: sensations, thoughts, and emotions
mind
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Observable actions such as moving about, talking, gesturing, and so on; behaviors can also refer to the activities of cells and to thoughts and feelings
behavior
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Psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems
clinical psychologists
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medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis of and treatment of psychological problems
psychiatrists
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Psychologists who extend the principles of scientific psychology to practical problems in the world.
applied psychologists
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Psychologists who try to discover the basic principles of behavior and mind
research psychologists
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the idea that some knowledge comes directly from experience
empiricism
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the idea that some knowledge is innate or present at birth
nativism
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a movement proposing that certain organizing principles of perception are innate and cannot be altered by experience
Gestalt psychology
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an early school of psychology; structuralists tried to understand the mind by breaking it down into basic parts, much as a chemist might try to understand a chemical compound.
structuralism
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an early technique used to study the mind; systematic introspection required people to look inward and describe their own experiences
systematic introspection
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an early school of psychology; functionalists believed that the proper way to understand mind and behavior is to first analyze their function and purpose
functionalism
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a school of psychology proposing that the only proper subject matter of psychology is observable behavior rather than immediate conscious experience
behaviorism
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a term used by Freud to describe his theory of mind and system to therapy
psychoanalysis
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a movement in psychology that focuses on people's unique capacities for choice, responsibility, and growth.
humanistic psychology
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the idea that it's useful to select information from several sources rather than to rely entirely on a single perspective or school of thought
eclectic approach
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the shift away from strict behaviorism, begun in the 1950's, characterized by renewed interest in fundamental problems of consciousness and internal mental processes
cognitive revolution
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a movement proposing that we're born with mental processes and "software" that guide our thinking and behavior. These innate mechanisms were acquired through natural selection in our ancestral past and help us to solve specific adaptive problems
evolutionary psychology
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the shared values, customs, and beliefs of a group or community
culture
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