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ADENOSINE
- (Adenocard)
- antidysrhythmic agent
- 1. Depresses automaticity in the SA node & Purkinje fibers
- 2. Depresses AV node conduction
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ALBUTEROL SULFATE
- (Proventil, Ventolin)
- bronchodilator
- 1. Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by stimulatin beta2 receptors resulting in bronchodilation
- 2. Reduces airway resistance by bronchodilation
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AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE
- (Cordarone, Pacerone)
- antidysrhythmic agent, Class III
- 1. Prolongs duration of the action potential and effective refractory period
- 2. Slows the sinus rate through calcium channel blockade and beta-adrenergic blockade
- 3. Slows conduction through the AV node
- 4. Widens the QRS complex and prolongs the QT interval
- 5. Vasodilation action can decrease cardiac workload
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AMYL NITRITE
- cyanide antidote
- 1. Converts hemoglobin to metheglobin, which binds to the cyanide to assist cyanide elimination
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ASPIRIN
- (Acetylsalicylic acid=ASA)
- anticoagulant
- 1. Inhibits the aggregation (clumping) of platelets
- 2. Prolongs bleeding time
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ATROPINE SULFATE
- parasympathetic blocker/ anticholinergic/ vagolytic
- 1.Inhibits parasympathetic stimulation by blocking acetylcholine receptors
- 2. Decreases vagal tone resulting in increased heart rate and AV conduction
- 3. Dilates bronchioles and decreases respiratory tract secretions
- 4. Decreases gastrointestinal secretions
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CALCIUM CHLORIDE
- (CaCl2)
- inotropic agent (electrolyte)
- 1. Increases myocardial contractility
- 2. Actively competes with potassium at the heart and neuromuscular receptor sites
- 3. Restores myocardial conduction in presence of hyperkalemia
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CHARCOAL
- (Acta-Char, Insta-Char, CharcoAid, Actidose, Liqui-char)
- chemical absorbent
- 1. Inhibits gastrointestinal absorption of drugs and chemicals
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DEXTROSE ORAL PREPARATIONS
- (Glucose paste/ Glucose gel/ Glucose solution)
- hyperglycemic agent
- 1. Provides an oral source of glucose rapidly utilized for cellular metabolism
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DEXTROSE 5% IV SOLUTION
- (D5W)
- hypotonic solution (crystalloid)
- 1. Provides small amounts of glucose, which is rapidly utilized for cellular metabolism
- 2. Supplies body water
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DEXTROSE 50% IN WATER
- (D50W)
- hyperglycemic agent (crystalloid)
- 1. Provides an immediate source of glucose, which is rapidly utilized for cellular metabolism
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DIAZEPAM
- (Valium)
- anticonvulsant/ sedative/ muscle relaxant
- 1. Anticonvulsant
- 2. Depresses central, peripheral & autonomic nervous systems
- 3. Depresses patient recall
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DIPHENHYDRAMINE
- (Benadryl)
- antihistamine
- 1. Competes with histamine at receptor sites
- 2. Reverses muscle spasm associated with dystonic reactions
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DOPAMINE
- (Intropin)
- sympathomimetic agent (catecholamine)
- -Low Dose= 1-4 mcgm/kg/min
- 1. Dilates renal and mesenteric arteries by stimulating dopaminergic receptors
- 2. May decrease BP due to vasodilation
- -Moderate Dose= 5-10 mcgm/kg/min
- 1. Increases inotropy without increasing chronotropy
- 2. Increases BP by stimulating beta1 receptors
- -High Dose= >10-20 mcgm/kg/min
- 1. Causes vasoconstriction by stimulating alpha receptors
- 2. Increases inotropy & chronotropy by stimulating beta1 receptors
- 3. Increases BP by stimulating alpha & beta1 receptors
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EPINEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE
- (Adrenalin)
- sympathomimetic agent (catecholamine)
- 1. Increases CO due to increased inotropy, chronotropy, and AV conduction (dromotropy) (beta1 effect)
- 2. Increases systolic BP due to increased CO and vasoconstriction (beta1, alpha effect)
- 3. Increases coronary perfusion during CPR by increasing aortic diastolic pressure (alpha effect)
- 4. Prevents hypotension and loss of intravascular fluid in anaphylactic reactions by counteracting vasodilation and decreasing vascular permeability (alpha effect)
- 5. Relaxes smooth muscles of the respiratory tract (beta2 effect)
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FUROSEMIDE
- (Lasix)
- diuretic
- 1. Increases urinary output inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium chloride in renal tubules
- 2. Causes venous pooling due to vasodilation
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GLUCAGON
- hyperglycemic agent
- 1. Elevates blood glucose by converting liver glycogen into glucose
- 2. Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart
- 3. Relaxes smooth muscle
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LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE
- (Xylocaine)
- antidysrhythmic agent, Class IB
- 1. Supresses ventricular dysrhythmias by: stabilizing the myocardial cell membrane, shortening the refractory period, suppression of automaticity of ectopic focuses
- 2. Prolongs the refractory period in ischemic tissue
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MIDAZOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE
- (Versed, Hypnovel)
- anticonvulsant/ hypnotic/ sedative
- 1. Depresses the CNS
- 2. Relaxes skeletal muscles
- 3. Decreases patient recall
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MORPHINE SULFATE
- narcotic analgesic
- 1. Alters pain perception and produces euphoria
- 2. Depresses the CNS by interacting with opiate receptors in the brain
- 3. Decreases myocardial oxygen demand by: decreasing preload by causing venous pooling due to peripheral vasodilation resulting in decreased venous return, decreasing afterload by causing peripheral vasodilation resulting in decreased systemic vascular resistance
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NALOXONE
- (Narcan)
- narcotic antagonist
- 1. Reverses the respiratory depression and CNS sedation of narcotics by competing for opiate receptor sites in the brain
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NITROGLYCERIN SPRAY
- (Nitrolingual)
- vasodilator
- 1. Dilates arterial and venous vessels resulting in venous pooling
- 2. Reduces preload and afterload resulting in decreased myocardial workload and reduced oxygen demand
- 3. Dilates coronary vessels resulting in increased perfusion of the myocardium
- 4. Relieves coronary vasospasm
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ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE
- (Zofran)
- antiemetic
- 1. Blocks the serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the stomach and small intestines
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OXYGEN
- gas
- 1. Oxidizes glucose to provide energy at the cellular level
- 2. Essential for normal metabolic function (aerobic metabolism) and energy production for nerves and muscles
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POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
- (KCl)
- electrolyte supplement
- 1. Regulates nerve conduction and muscle contraction, especially cardiac
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PRALIDOXIME CHLORIDE
- (2-PAM Cl, Protopam)
- cholinesterase re-activator
- 1. Blocks the effects of accumulated acetylcholine by breaking the bond between the nerve agent and the enzyme acetylcholinesterase
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RINGER'S LACTATE IV SOLUTION
- isotonic solution (crystalloid)
- 1. Replaces fluid and electrolytes lost from the intravascular and intracellular spaces
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SODIUM BICARBONATE
- (Na HCO3)
- alkalinizing agent (hydrogen ion buffer)
- 1. Increases blood pH
- 2. Combines with hydrogen ions to form carbonic acid
- 3. Decreases precipitation of myoglobin in renal tubules in Crush Syndrome
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SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IV SOLUTION
- (Normal Saline)
- isotonic solution (crystalloid)
- 1. Replaces fluid and electrolytes lost from the intravascular and intracellular spaces
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