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Ancillae
female chattel slaves whose lifelong legal servitude passed to their descendants
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female chattel slaves whose lifelong legal servitude passed to their descendants
Ancillae
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Villeins
English serfs, inhabitants of small villages
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English serfs, inhabitants of small villages
Villeins
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Manumission
- The method through which many energetic and hard-working serfs acquired their freedom in the High Middle Ages.
- Serfs could save money and through a third-person intermediary, buy their freedom.
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The method through which many energetic and hard-working serfs acquired their freedom in the High Middle Ages.
Serfs could save money and through a third-person intermediary, buy their freedom.
Manumissions
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Manors
- Most european peasants, free and unfree, lived on estates called manors.
- The word manor derives from a Latin term meaning "dwelling", "residence", or "homestead".
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Most european peasants, free and unfree, lived on estates called manors.
The word manor derives from a Latin term meaning "dwelling", "residence", or "homestead".
Manors
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Allodial Land
- Free independent farmers held allodial land - land that they owned out right, free of rents and services.
- These farms tended to be small and surrounded by large estates that gradually swallowed them up.
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Free independent farmers held allodial land - land that they owned out right, free of rents and services.
These farms tended to be small and surrounded by large estates that gradually swallowed them up.
Allodial Land
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Saints
- Women and men could pray to the local saints.
- The saints had once lived on Earth and thus could well understand human problems.
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Women and men could pray to the local saints.
The saints had once lived on Earth and thus could well understand human problems.
Saints
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Relics
- The stone in the church alter contained relics of the saints - bones, articles of clothing, the saints tears, saliva, even the dust from the saints tomb.
- These relics often belonged to a local saint to whom the church itself had been dedicated.
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The stone in the church alter contained relics of the saints - bones, articles of clothing, the saints tears, saliva, even the dust from the saints tomb.
These relics often belonged to a local saint to whom the church itself had been dedicated.
Relics
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Popolani
Saints who were non-nobles or non-aristocrats.
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Saints who were non-nobles or non-aristocrats.
Popolani
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Sacrament
An outward and visible sign instituted by Christ to give grace.
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An outward and visible sign instituted by Christ to give grace.
Sacrament
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Eucharist
The name given to the central ceremony of the Christian worship as well as to the bread and wine consecrated by the priest and consumed by believers.
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The name given to the central ceremony of the Christian worship as well as to the bread and wine consecrated by the priest and consumed by believers.
Eucharist
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Nobility
A small fraction of the population strongly influenced all aspects of medieval culture.
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A small fraction of the population strongly influenced all aspects of medieval culture.
Nobility
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Ministerials
unfree knights
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unfree knights
Ministerials
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rustics
- Peasants
- European nobility had complex, conflicting, and sometimes contradictary attitudes toward the peasants.
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Peasants
European nobility had complex, conflicting, and sometimes contradictary attitudes toward the peasants.
rustics
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Oblates
- The word oblate derives from the Latin oblatio, meaning "offering".
- Boys and girls were given to monasteries or convents as permanent gifts.
- Saint Benedict takes oblation as a normal method for entrance into the maonastic life.
- "Parents of any social status could donate a child of either sex, at least up to the age of ten".
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The word oblate derives from the Latin oblatio, meaning "offering".
Boys and girls were given to monasteries or convents as permanent gifts.
Saint Benedict takes oblation as a normal method for entrance into the maonastic life.
"Parents of any social status could donate a child of either sex, at least up to the age of ten".
oblates
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tournament
a number of men competed from horseback.
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a number of men competed from horseback.
tournament
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Joust
Two men competed from horseback.
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Two men competed from horseback.
Joust
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Abbess/Prioress
The house's superior office went to a nun of considerable social standing.
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The house's superior office went to a nun of considerable social standing.
Abbess/Prioress
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Lay Brothers
Vowed religious drawn from the servile classes, with simpler religious and intellectual obligations than those of the choir monks.
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Vowed religious drawn from the servile classes, with simpler religious and intellectual obligations than those of the choir monks.
Lay Brothers
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