an out pouching of an alveolar sac which leads to subsequent rupture resulting in pneumothorax
Define bradycardia
arterial & ventricular rate of 60 beats per min or less
define capillaries
microscopic vessels designed to exchange nutrients & wastes between blood & tissue fluid around the cells
Define cardiac catherization
pass of a sterile catheter into the heart via the brachial or femoral artery for the purpose of image intensification
Define cardiac tamponade
compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or fluid within the pericardium
Define cardiomyopathy
general term designating primary disease of the myocardium often obscure or link etiology
Define decortication of the lung
surgical removal of fibrinous deposits on the visceral parietal pleura
Define endarterectomy
removal of plaque
Define ischemia
decrease in blood supply to tissue
Define pectus excavatum
refers to a congenital deformity of the chest that is funnel shaped
Define pneumonectomy
removal of lung
Define pneumothorax
accumulation of air in the pleural cavity
Define systole
contraction phase
Define tachycardia
arterial & ventricular rate of 100 beats per minute or more
Define thoracic outlet syndrome
compression of the subclavian & branch plexus usually caused by the 1st rib
Define ventricular septal defect
Know a major complication of decortication of the lung
expect a lot of bleeding
Know how many true ribs there are
3
Know how pedal pulses are assessed
Doppler probe
Know how to transport a patient with a closed water-seal drainage system
chest tube clamps should accompany the pt at all times
Know the “pacemaker of the heart”
SA Node
Know the anatomy of the lungs
Left lung has 2 lobes and Right lung has 3 lobes
Know the antagonist to Heparin Sodium
protamine sulfate
Know the common artery bypass procedures
femoro-femoral
axilo-femoral
feromo-popitealo
Know the function of the chordae tendinae
attached to the valvular cusps & prevents valves from swinging back into the atria
Know the location of the heart
slightly to the left within the mediastinum
Know the most common complaint in a patient with a thoracic aorta aneurysm
cp
Know the most common vessels used for hemodialysis
Radial artery & cephalic vein
Know the other name for the mitral valve
bicuspid valve
Know the parts of the sternum
superior to inferior
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
Know the prime consideration in a ruptured AAA
hemorrhage control
Know the purpose of a femoral-popliteal bypass
to restore blood flood to a lower limb
Know the suture of choice for a graft to tissue anastomosis
Ti-cron
Know the three branches of the aortic arch
Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left Subclavin artery
Know what a “Greenfield filter insertion” would indicate the presence of
emboli formation
Know what a bulldog is used for
clamping vessels
Know what a Dietrich set includes
vascular clamp
scissors
dilator
Know what a fogarty balloon catheter is used for
embolectomy
Know what a mediastinoscope is used for
view of lymph nodes or masses in the space that medially separates the pleural space
Know what a Pleur-evac is used for
closed water seal drainage
Know what alveoli are
microscopic air sacs clustered at the end of the bronchi
Know what angiography is used for
access peripheral vascular disease
Know what arterial blood gases show
tissue perfusion
Know what artery supplies the wall of the left atrium and the left ventricle
circumflex artery
Know what blade is used to open a blood vessel
#11
Know what bone edges are trimmed with following a rib removal
Stille-Luer rongeur
Know what can be done to bypass an iliac artery obstruction
fermoro- femoral
Know what cyanotic defects are (examples)
tetralogy of fallot
transposition of the great vessels
Tricuspid atresia
Know what dextran is for
parentally to expand blood plasma volume
Know what drug can be added to saline for irrigation during vascular procedures
heparin
Know what drug suppresses vasospasms
papaverine hydrochloride
Know what enters the hilum of the lung on the medial surface
primary bronchi
pulmonary arteries veins
lymphatic vessels
Know what hypothermia does during bypass
reduces oxygen consumption
Know what incision is most likely for open heart surgery
median sternotomy
Know what instrument initiates an arteriotomy
#11 on 7 handle
Know what instrument is needed after isolation of the femoral artery
Right angle clamp
Know what is commonly used to retract vessels
decaron tape or vessel loops
Know what monitoring the activated clotting time judges the need for reversal or addition of
heparin
Know what papaverine hydrochloride is used for
intraoperatively for its antispasmotic affect on the smooth muscle of vessel walls
Know what pledgets are used for
reinforce the graft during vascular surgery
Know what position a mediastinoscopy is performed in
dorsal recumbent postion
Know what position is used for a lobectomy
postereolateral postion
Know what scissors are used for intravascular access during an endarterectomy
potts
Know what sclerotherapy is used to treat
varicose veins
Know what self-retaining retractor would be used during a fem-pop
weilaner retractor
Know what structure closes after birth
with the elimination of placental circulation the ducts arteriosis closes
Know what surgery a tunneler would be used
unilateral femoropopliteal bypass
Know what sutures are used to suture vessels or vascular grafts
polytertra fluoroethylene
Know what the atrioventricular bundle is also called
Bundle of his
Know what the best study for overall size of heart is
AP & lateral x-rays
Know what the dilating balloon should be filled with in a balloon angioplasty
duliated contrast medium
Know what the intra-aortic balloon pump was designed for
circulator support after cardiac surgery
Know what the most common acquired valvular lesion is
Mitral Stenosis
Know what the pump oxygenator does
assumes role of the heart & lungs while undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass
Know what the term in situ graft means in vascular surgery
autogenous graft
Know what the tubes are for in a double chest tube placement
the upper most tube is used to evacuate air/re-establish negative pressure
Know what the typical suture gauge for femoral vascular anastomosis is
4-0
Know what to anticipate when doing a lobectomy
to use a chest tube & water seal drainage system
Know what to tag delicate sutures with
Rubber shod
Know what truncus arteriosis is characterized by
by a single
Know what type of needle holder is used for a vascular anastomosis
castroviejo
Know what type of needle is appropriate to close a blood vessel
tapered
Know what type of suture is needed to close an arteriotomy
polyprolene
Know what vessel is used to increase overall blood supply to the heart following a CABG
Internal mammory artery
Know what vessel loops are used for
retraction of fine structures & blood vessels during
Know what vessels are harvested for a CABG
sapherious vein & internal mammary artery
Know when we defibrillate
if the pt is experiencing a cardiac arrhythemia specifically a ventricular fibrillation
Know where bone wax is used after a sternotomy
hemostatic agent place on the cut edges of the sternum
Know where oxygenated blood leaves the lungs through
pulmonary veins
Know where the cannula is placed during cardiopulmonary bypass
R atrium to achieve venous cannulation
Know where the coronary arteries arise from
Aorta
Know where the coronary veins empty
coronary sinus
Know where the pacing generator is placed during a pacemaker insertion
subcutaneous pocket on the upper anterior chest wall
Know where the right common carotid artery originates from
Brachiocephalic artery
Know where the trachea divides
at the carina into Right & Left bronchi
Know which cyanotic defect is most common in children
Tetralogy of Fallot
Know which graft requires preclotting
Porurus Dacron graft
Know which portion of the heart pumps blood to the aorta
Left ventricle
Know which portion of the heart pumps blood to the pulmonary artery
Right ventricle
Know which portion of the heart receives deoxygenated blood
Right Atrium
Know which procedure may require temporary use of an intraoperative bypass shunt
Carotid endarerectomy
Know which procedure typically uses a Javid shunt
carotid endarerectomy
Know which veins receive blood from the brain, meninges, and deeper regions of the face and neck
Right and left internal jugular veins
Know why a Bailey is used following an open thoracotomy
approximator is used to reapproximate the ribs
Know why a knitted graft is preclotted
minims the bleeding
Know why Heparin is used
added to saline as irrigation to prevent thrombosis
Know why we employ hypothermia in cardiac surgery
protects the heart from damage during CPB
Understand a carotid endarterectomy
pt is supine
roll under scapula
head turned away from op site
last clamp removed Internal carotid artery
Understand abdominal aneurysms
Understand aortofemoral bypass
pt is prepped mid chest to mid thigh as far as possible on each side
circulator should ensure blood is avaible
2-0 & 3-0 silk ties can be used to ligate larger deeper vessels
Understand arterial emboli
can be formed be in the form of air blood fate or tumor
can lodge at the bifurcation & vessel narrowing & some can be treated with specialized enzymes or high dose of heparin
Understand bronchoscopy
not a sterile procedure
best choice for removal of a foreign body from a child's trachobronchial tree
Understand disposable chestdrainage
unit provides drainage collection from intrapleural space maintains a seal to prevent air from entering the pleural cavity and provides suction control determined by water level
Understand endarterectomies
preformed to alleviate closure of artery
Understand suture used for peripheral vascular surgery
peripheral vascular atomosis4-0
carotid endarerectomy 6-0
arteriotomy-polyprolene
graft to tissue atomosis is ti-cron
Understand the characteristics of the vein
Veins specialize structures call valves
Understand the precautions taken when operating on a patient with a pacemaker
when operating on a pt with pacemaker a bipolar ESU with its pt return electrode applied to the pt should be used