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business process management (BPM)
a systematic, structured improvement approach by all or part of an organization including a critical examination and redesign of business processes in order to achieve dramatic improvements in one or more performance measures such as quality, cycle time, or cost
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business process reengineering (BPR)
legacy term for business process management
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core activities
the activities within a value chain that process inputs and produce outputs, including inbound logistics, operations and manufacturing, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service
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custom software
software programs that are designed and developed for a company's specific needs as opposed to being bought off the shelf
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customization
modifying software so that it better suits user needs
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downstream information flow
information flow that relates to the information that is produced by a company and sent along to another organization, such as a distributor
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enterprise resource planning (ERP)
an information system that integrates business activities across departmental boundaries, including planning, manufacturing, sales, marketing, and so on
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ERP core components
the components of an ERP that support the internal activities of an organization for producing products and services
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ERP extended components
the components of an ERP that support the primary external activities of an organiation for dealing with suppliers and customers
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externally focused system
an information system that coordinates business activities with customers, suppliers, business partners, and others who operate outside an organization's boundaries
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internally focused system
information system that supports functional areas, business processes, and decision making within an organization
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interorganizational system (IOS)
an information system that communicates across organizational boundaries
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legacy system
older stand-alone computer systems within an organization with older versions of applications that are either fast approaching or beyond the end of their useful life within the organization
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Enterprise system (Same as Enterprise-wide information systems)
An information system that spans the entire organization and can be used to integrate business processes, activities, and information across all functional areas of a firm.
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make-to-order process
the processes associated with producing goods based on sales orders
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make-to-stock process
the processes associated with producing goods based on demand forecasts
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module
component of a software application that can be selected and implemented as needed
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order-to-cash process
the processes associated with selling a product or service
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packaged software
software program written by a third party vendor for the needs of many different users and organizations
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procure-to-pay process
the processes associated with procuring goods from external vendors
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service
individual software component designed to perform a specific task
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service-oriented architecture (SOA)
a software architecture in which business processes are broken down into individual components (or services) that are designed to achieve the desired results for the service consumer (which can be either an application, another service, or a person)
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stand-alone application
a system that focuses on the specific needs of an individual department and is not designed to communicate with other systems in the organization
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support activities
business activities that enable the primary activities to take place; support activities include administrative activities, infrastructure, human resources, technology development, and procurement
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upstream information flow
an information flow consisting of information received from another organization, such as from a supplier
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value system
a collection of interlocking company value chains
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vanila version
the features and modules that a packaged software system comes with out of the box
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