Philosophy Chapter 3

Defect in an argument that consists in something other than false premises alone.

• Those that can be detected only by examining the content of the argument.
• Ex: A chess player is a person. Therefore, a bad chess player is a bad person.

Occurs when an arguer poses a conclusion to another person and tells that person that some harm will come to him if conclusion is not accepted.

Fallacy occurs when an arguer attempts to support a conclusion by merely evoking pity from reader.

Uses desire to get reader to accept conclusion (snobbery/vanity)

Involves two arguers

General rule is applied to a specific case it was not intended to cover.

Committed when arguer distorts an opponents argument for the purpose of more easily attacking it.

Premises of argument support one conclusion, and then another.

Arguer diverts the attention by changing subject

When cited information lacks credibility

When premises state that nothing has been proved one way or the other and the conclusion then makes a definite assertion.

Reasonable likelihood that the sample is not representative of the group

Whenever the link between premises and conclusion depends on some imagined casual connection that probably does not exist

Conclusion of an argument rests on an alleged chain reaction and there is not sufficient reason to think the he chain reaction will actually takes place.

Analogy is not strong enough to support the conclusion that is drawn.

Arguer created the illusion that inadequate premises provide adequate support for the conclusion by leaving out a possibly shaky key premise.

2+ questions are asked in th guise of a single question, and a single answer is given to both of them

When an "either.. or" premise presents two unlikely alternatives.

IA ignores evidence that is becomes said fallacy

Conclusion of an argument depends on the fact that a word or phrase is used in two different senses

Arguer misinterprets an ambiguous statement and then draws conclusion based on faulty interpretation

Conclusion depends on the erroneous transference of an attribute from the parts of something onto the whole

Reverse of composition, goes from whole to parts