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amphetamines, modafinil
Narcolepsy
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Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
fomepizole
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inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
disulfiram
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What drugs exacerbate hypoglycemia and mask its adrenergic symptoms?
Non-selective beta-blockers: Propranolol, timolol, nadolol. Thus they should not be used in patients with DM. Selective beta1-antagonists should be used instead if necessary
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What are the two most common causes of primary eugonadotropic amenorhea?
- imperforated hymen
- Mullerian duct anomalies
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What are the important adverse effects of protease inhibitors in HAART?
- Lipodystrophy - "buffalo hump"
- Hyperglycemia - increases insulin resistance
- Inhibition of P-450 - don't use with rifampin
- GI intolerance
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Other than the side effects of other protease inhibitors, indinavir also has?
- thrombocytopenia
- nephrotoxicity
- nephrolithiasis
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What can be used in HIV patients for the prevention of Pneumocystis jiroveci?
TMP-SMX
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Megaloblastic anemia, Steven Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are side effects of?
TMP-SMX
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Bone marrow toxicity resulting in megaloblastic anemia is a side effect for?
Zidovudine - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
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Renal toxicity is an important concern for which antiviral drug against HSV1, HSV2, and VZV?
Acyclovir
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What drug can be used in HIV patients as a prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium intracellulare?
Azithromycin
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What drug is used to treat CMV infections in HIV patients?
Foscarnet
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A treatment for CMV in HIV patients causes what side effects?
- nephrotoxicity
- hypocalcemia
- hypomagnesemia
- hypokalemia
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Allopurinol can be used for?
- Gout - over production
- Prevention of tumor lysis syndrome
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What is used to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy and what is its mechanism of action?
Ondansetron - inhibit 5-HT3 receptors
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What can be used to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes in patients with neutropenia?
Filgrastim - a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
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Mesna prevents hemorrhagic cystitis (frequent urination, suprapubic pain, dysuria, and hematuria) in patients receiving?
- Cyclophosphamide
- Ifosfamide
Mesna binds acrolein, their toxic metabolite.
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What can be used to prevent anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity?
Dexrazoxane
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What can be used to decrease xerostomia?
Amifostine
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Tachyphylaxis can be found in the following drugs:
- Nitroglycerin
- Topical alpha-adrenergic agonists - for nasal decongestion - Phenylephrine, xylometazoline, oxymetazoline
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What two drugs shouldn't be used together in HAART therapy for fear of worsening neutropenia?
ganciclovir & zidovudine
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Side effects of ganciclovir include:
- leukopenia
- neutropenia
- thrombocytopenia
- renal toxicity
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Peripheral neuropahty and lactic acidosis are characteristic of which NRTI?
lamivudine
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What is the drug most commonly associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, confusion, and muscle rigidity) ?
Haloperidol - specific anti-dopaminergic activity of antipsychotic medications, particuarly antagonism of the D2 receptor. No way to prevent, but can decrease mortality rates by using bromocriptine (dopamine agonists) or dantrolene (muscle relaxants)
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Combination use of SSRIs and MAOIs cause:
Serotonin syndrome - myoclonus
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Excessive dopamine blockade within the nigrostriatal tissue manifesting rigidity, bradykinesia and tremor are symptoms of:
Neuroleptic-induced Parkinsonism
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Thyroid dysfunction, corneal micro-deposits, blue-gray skin discoloration, drug-related hepatitis, and pulmonary fibrosis are all side effects of:
Amiodarone - remember to check LFTs, PFTs, and TFTs
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This competitive androgen inhibitor can be used to treat prostate cancer:
Flutamide
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This synthetic somatostatin can be used to treat carcinoid syndrome and VIPomas:
Octreotide
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Prophylactic monotherapy of rifampin can be used for:
Meningococcal exposure
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Nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate are likely to cause:
Headaches and cutaneous flushing - due to their vasodilatory properties.
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