Drugs

  1. amphetamines, modafinil
    Narcolepsy
  2. Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
    fomepizole
  3. inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
    disulfiram
  4. What drugs exacerbate hypoglycemia and mask its adrenergic symptoms?
    Non-selective beta-blockers: Propranolol, timolol, nadolol. Thus they should not be used in patients with DM. Selective beta1-antagonists should be used instead if necessary
  5. What are the two most common causes of primary eugonadotropic amenorhea?
    • imperforated hymen
    • Mullerian duct anomalies
  6. What are the important adverse effects of protease inhibitors in HAART?
    • Lipodystrophy - "buffalo hump"
    • Hyperglycemia - increases insulin resistance
    • Inhibition of P-450 - don't use with rifampin
    • GI intolerance
  7. Other than the side effects of other protease inhibitors, indinavir also has?
    • thrombocytopenia
    • nephrotoxicity
    • nephrolithiasis
  8. What can be used in HIV patients for the prevention of Pneumocystis jiroveci?
    TMP-SMX
  9. Megaloblastic anemia, Steven Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are side effects of?
    TMP-SMX
  10. Bone marrow toxicity resulting in megaloblastic anemia is a side effect for?
    Zidovudine - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
  11. Renal toxicity is an important concern for which antiviral drug against HSV1, HSV2, and VZV?
    Acyclovir
  12. What drug can be used in HIV patients as a prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium intracellulare?
    Azithromycin
  13. What drug is used to treat CMV infections in HIV patients?
    Foscarnet
  14. A treatment for CMV in HIV patients causes what side effects?
    • nephrotoxicity
    • hypocalcemia
    • hypomagnesemia
    • hypokalemia
  15. Allopurinol can be used for?
    • Gout - over production
    • Prevention of tumor lysis syndrome
  16. What is used to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy and what is its mechanism of action?
    Ondansetron - inhibit 5-HT3 receptors
  17. What can be used to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes in patients with neutropenia?
    Filgrastim - a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
  18. Mesna prevents hemorrhagic cystitis (frequent urination, suprapubic pain, dysuria, and hematuria) in patients receiving?
    • Cyclophosphamide
    • Ifosfamide

    Mesna binds acrolein, their toxic metabolite.
  19. What can be used to prevent anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity?
    Dexrazoxane
  20. What can be used to decrease xerostomia?
    Amifostine
  21. Tachyphylaxis can be found in the following drugs:
    • Nitroglycerin
    • Topical alpha-adrenergic agonists - for nasal decongestion - Phenylephrine, xylometazoline, oxymetazoline
  22. What two drugs shouldn't be used together in HAART therapy for fear of worsening neutropenia?
    ganciclovir & zidovudine
  23. Side effects of ganciclovir include:
    • leukopenia
    • neutropenia
    • thrombocytopenia
    • renal toxicity
  24. Peripheral neuropahty and lactic acidosis are characteristic of which NRTI?
    lamivudine
  25. What is the drug most commonly associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, confusion, and muscle rigidity) ?
    Haloperidol - specific anti-dopaminergic activity of antipsychotic medications, particuarly antagonism of the D2 receptor. No way to prevent, but can decrease mortality rates by using bromocriptine (dopamine agonists) or dantrolene (muscle relaxants)
  26. Combination use of SSRIs and MAOIs cause:
    Serotonin syndrome - myoclonus
  27. Excessive dopamine blockade within the nigrostriatal tissue manifesting rigidity, bradykinesia and tremor are symptoms of:
    Neuroleptic-induced Parkinsonism
  28. Thyroid dysfunction, corneal micro-deposits, blue-gray skin discoloration, drug-related hepatitis, and pulmonary fibrosis are all side effects of:
    Amiodarone - remember to check LFTs, PFTs, and TFTs
  29. This competitive androgen inhibitor can be used to treat prostate cancer:
    Flutamide
  30. This synthetic somatostatin can be used to treat carcinoid syndrome and VIPomas:
    Octreotide
  31. Prophylactic monotherapy of rifampin can be used for:
    Meningococcal exposure
  32. Nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate are likely to cause:
    Headaches and cutaneous flushing - due to their vasodilatory properties.
Author
AstephZ
ID
22905
Card Set
Drugs
Description
Pharmacology
Updated