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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
- -principal orgs of the Civil rights mov't in the 1960's
- -emerged from a series of student meetings led by Ella Baker held at Shaw Univ in Raleigh, North Carolina in April 1960
- -first chairman Marion Barry later became mayor of Wash DC
- -grew into a large org with support in the north allowing full-time sncc workers $10/week salary
- -Leading role in 1963 March on Washingtong
- -Contribution field work=organizing voter registration drives all over the South esp. Georgia & Miss
- -1969 changed its name to student NATIONAL coordinating committee reflecting the broadening of its strategies "Black Power"
- -ended in the 1970's
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Freedom Rides
- -civil rights activists rode interstate buses into segregated southern states to test the Supreme court decision Boynton v Virginia (1960): granted interstate travelers the legal right to disregard local segregation ordinances regarding interstate trans facilities
- -first ride May 4, 1961 left Washington DC to New Orleans on May 17
- -challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation by riding public trans
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Southern Christian Leadership conference (SCLC)
- -an Amer civil rights org
- -formed Jan 10, 1957 in Atlanta, Georgia
- -first president Martin Luther King Jr 1957- assassination in 1968
- -Ella baker 1st & only staff memeber (for a long time)
- -nonviolent protest
- -first years focused on education, voter registration, & support for local struggles
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�Great Society�
- -President Lyndon Johnson election of 1964 helped this be created
- -1965 the first session of the 89th congress created the core of GS
- set of domestic programs proposed or enacted in the US on the initiative of Pres. Lyndon B Johnson
- -two main goals of the great society social reforms were the elimination of poverty & racial injustice
- -new major spending programs (edu, med, urb probs, & trans) were launched
- -resembled New Deal FDR but enacted different programs
- -some programs were eliminated or funding reduced but a lot like Medicare, Medicaid, & federal education funding are present today
- -their programs expanded under Nixon & Ford
- -initiative to end poverty
- -Elementary & Secondary Edu Act of 1965 $1 bill to public schools
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Civil Rights Act (1964)
- July 2, 1964 signed by Johnson
- -Outlawed unequal application of voter registration & racial segregation in schools, workplace, & facilities that served the general public
- -long term impact on country prohibiting discrimination in pub fac, gov, & employment invalidating the Jim crow laws
- -14th & 15th amendment allowed congress to assert its authority
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Voting rights act 1965
- -an act to enforce the 15th amendment signed by Pres. Lyndon Johnson
- -outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of Afr.Amer. in the US
- -No qualifications, prerequisite, standards, or procedure to deny the right of any citizen to vote
- -established extensive federal oversight of elections administration=any state with history of discriminatory voting practices couldn't implement any change affecting voting w/o first obtaining the approval of the Dep.t of Justice=preclearance
- -25 year extension signed by Pres. George W. Bush in 2006 as was w/preclearance & all
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Malcolm X
- -African-Amer Muslim minister, public speaker, & human rights activist
- -1952 he became one of the nation's leaders & chief spokemen
- -public face of the Nation of Islam but b/c of tensions with the head he left it in 1964 & became sunni muslim
- -created Muslim Mosque Inc. (religious org) & black nationalist org of Afro-American unity
- -assassinated 1965 in NY while making a speech
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Cesar Chavez
- -Mexican American farm worker, labor leader, & civil rights activits
- -1962 co-founded with Dolores Huerta 'National Farm Workers Association' later becoming 'United Farm Workers' (UFW)
- -his public-relations approach to unionism & aggressive but nonviolent tactics made the farm workers' struggle a moral cause with nation support
- -1970's his tactics forced growers to recognize the UFW as the bargaining agent for 50,000 field workers in Cal & Florida
- 'si se puede!'
- -his work led to numerous improvements for union laborers
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