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What are the 2 main types of Ophthalmic preparations?
Solutions and suspensions – Ointments
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What is the most important factor in ophthalmic preparations?
Sterility
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What was used to dilate women’s pupils for cosmetic reasons?
Belladonna
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When did the concept of sterility become a standard for the preparation of eye solutions?
After World War II
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What is the anatomy of the Eye?
Orbits, Tears, Sclera, Retina, Lens, Iris, Pupil
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What are the bony pockets in the skull that protect the dorsal part of the eyeball?
Orbits
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What washes foreign debris from the surface and act as a lubricant?
Tears
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What is known as the “white “ of the eye?
Sclera
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What is the innermost layer of the eye?
Retina
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What is responsible for focusing the incoming light onto the retina?
Lens
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What part of the eye is responsible for eye color?
Iris
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What is the central opening of the iris that allows light to pass through?
Pupil
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What are the main common disorders of the eye?
Conjunctivitis, Ophthalmia neonatorum, Sty, and Glaucoa
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What can be caused by a bacteria called “Pink Eye”?
Conjunctivitis
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What is a gonococcal infection of the eyes in newborns called?
Ophthalmia Neonatorum
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What is an infection of the glands along the edge of the eye lid?
Sty
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What causes increased intra-ocular pressure due to either the overproduction of aqueous humor or obstructed outflow?
Glaucoma
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In what type of hood should ophthalmic solutions be prepared in?
Laminar Air Flow Hood
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What should be done if using a plastic “squeeze” bottle for the final container?
- 1)Place an alcohol moistened gauze to the front of the hood, taking care to touch only one corner
- 2)Using a second alcohol gauze, carefully remove the “dropper” stopper from the bottle and place it on the gauze pad
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If adding more than 1 component, how many needles and syringes do you use.
1 syringe and 1 needle per component
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What 2 auxiliary labels should be used for ophthalmic solutions?
For the Eye, and Shake Well
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What is the most common and convenient method of placing medications into the eye?
Solutions
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What is the main disadvantage of eye solutions?
Medication is only in contact with the eye for a short period of time
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What is the purpose of solution viscosity?
To increase the contact time between the eye and the medication
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What is the pH level of Boric acid solution?
5
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What is the preferred method of sterilization?
Filtration
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How do Membrane filters work?
They filter out particles in a solution better than a depth filter due to smaller finer size.
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Where are membrane filters most commonly used?
In empty plastic “squeeze” bottles that come pre-sterilized and individually packaged from the manufacturer
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When is Gas sterilizations used?
When medications are not heat resistant.
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How is gas sterilization carried out?
By exposing the solution to ethylene oxide gas in the presence of moisture
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How long should something be aerated for after sterilizing?
24 – 48 hours
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What are the dangers of non sterile products?
Damage can vary from corneal ulcers to the loss of eyesight
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What are the different types of bacteria that can be found in non sterile products?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus fumigatus
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